All About Writing Topics Essay

An essay is a short piece of writing on a topic and presents the author’s point of view on the matter. It is a pure non-fiction presentation of the writer’s outlook on the topic that is the focus of the essay.1 An essay should be structured in different sections that make it easy for the readers to read and follow the author’s thoughts clearly. It is composed of the introductory paragraph, supporting paragraphs and the summary paragraph. The introductory paragraph is the first paragraph of an essay. It brings the main idea of the essay. It captures the interest of the reader and notifies why the topic is important. Another important part of an essay is the main body or the supporting paragraphs. In these paragraphs, the main idea is discussed. The points are cited one by one to develop the main idea of the essay. Aside from the introductory and supporting paragraphs is the summary paragraph which comes at the end of the essay. In this paragraph, all the ideas in the supporting paragraph are explained through a conclusion. By reading this part alone, the reader should be able to understand the whole idea of the essay.2 Since an essay can describe, clarify, argue or analyze, it has different types.3The four major types of essays are narrative, descriptive, expository and persuasive essays. In a narrative essay, the writer tells a story about a real-life experience. When writing this type of essay, writers should try to involve the reader by making the story as vivid as possible. A well-crafted essay builds towards a conclusion or making a personal statement. The second major type on the other hand which is the descriptive essay, paints a picture with words. A writer might describe a person, place, object, or even memory of special significance. The descriptive essay strives to communicate a deeper meaning through the description. This uses colorful words and sensory details. The third type is the expository essay. This essay is an informative piece of writing that presents a balanced analysis of a topic. Moreover, in this type of essay, the writer explains or defines a topic, using facts, statistics, and examples. Lastly is the persuasive essay. While like an expository essay in its presentation of facts, the goal of the persuasive essay is to convince the reader to accept the writer’s point of view or recommendation. In this type of essay, the writer should present all sides of the argument, but must be able to communicate clearly and without equivocation why a certain position is correct.4 Despite having many types of essays with various compositions, they have one thing in common. All essays are collection of interesting ideas which are thoroughly organized to assure that readers are able to fully understand the main ideas of the essays. 1 â€Å"What is an essay,† . 2 â€Å"Parts of an Essay,† . 3 Grace Fleming, â€Å"What is an Essay,† . 4 â€Å"Types of Essays: End the Confusion,†.

Julias Food Booth Essay

Introduction Julia is planning to lease a food booth outside the Tech Stadium at Home Football games to finance her last year education with all the games go sold out. The rent for the booth per game is $ 1000. Julia will sell slices of Cheese Pizza, Hot Dogs and Barbecue Sandwiches which are acclaimed to be the most popular so these are the three products she has chosen to sell at the home games football stadium. The rent for oven is $ 600 for six home games, which makes it $ 100 per game. To keep things simple, Julia decided to hire an outside pizza delivery company, it seems to be cost effective and for other items she plans to prepare them the night before. Space taken by Pizza is 14† x 14†, hot dogs are 16 in/sq. and the BBQ sandwich is 25 â€Å"sq. The cost price of Pizza $6.00, or $.75 ea slice with 8 slices/pizza the hot dogs $0.45 each, and sandwiches$.90 each, respectively. The sale price of Pizza Slice is $1.50, hot dogs $1.60 and the BB-Q sandwich is $2.25. Julia’s initial investment is $1500 which would pay for the first game day; she would pay the future home games out of proceeds earned from the games. From Student Feedbacks she has learnt that she can sell as many slices of Pizza as Hot dogs and BBQ sandwich’s combined. She feels she can sell twice as many hot dogs as she can the BBQ sandwich’s. Julia believes that she can make at least $1000 net profit after expenses are paid per game. Objective Function Objective here is to maximize the profit. Profit is calculated for each variable by subtracting cost from the selling price. Pizza. Cost $6 / 8 = $ 0.75 (Cost per slice) Z =$0.75 x1 +$.45Ãâ€"2 + $.90 x3. Profit per: $.75/slice pizza, $1.15/hot dog $ 1.35/BBQ Sandwich Sales Price: $2.25 $ 1.60 $ 1.50 Sale Price: 3x/Sandwich; 2x/ Hot dog and 1x/pizza slice. Decision Variables Constraints: Budget Constraint: 0.75Ãâ€"1 + 0.45Ãâ€"2 + .90Ãâ€"3 2Ãâ€"3 x2 – 2Ãâ€"3 => 0 If extra help @$100/game = $100/x6 Non Negative Restrictions: x1, x2 , x3 all are >= 0 Final Model Maximize Total Profit: Z = 0.75Ãâ€"1 + 0.45Ãâ€"2 + .90Ãâ€"3 = 0 D. Over all with the expenses of food supplies, oven leasing, the booth and the pay for help, she will still be far ahead in her net profit and it will be well worth the help in the end. Certainly there will be uncertainty, which is with all endeavors, but those have to be accounted for as best you can. References Taylor, B. W. (2011). Introduction to Management Science. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. coursehero, (2009, Apr. 13). linear programing [Msg google..com]. Message posted to http://coursehero.com/

Installing and Upgrading Software Essay

There are a number of reasons for upgrading software, generally the main reason is that the software has been improved or security problems have been addressed, or it offers new functionality. You may also install or update software when a new piece of hardware is installed in order to make it compatible. Other reasons may include software which is no longer supported by the manufacturer. If the software in question brings new functionality to the computer system in day to day life and makes that task easier, then you should consider updating. You also upgrade when you need to or when you want to upgrade or when your system is not working properly, existing software fails to run correctly and when additional functionality required. Sometimes, your pc crashes, freezes, your PC runs very slow, Having Problems Shutting down the computer and Shutting down applications and sometimes its shutdown while you are doing something or you may just get blank screen. If you find that you need more power in your machine and then you can upgrade your components, when your computer stops doing what you need it to do, then it is time to consider upgrading or replacing the computer. You upgrade when your existing system is not work properly, when you need new hardware or new software for your system and sometimes it may be company policy that you upgrade systems. You upgrade to fix programming bugs and security holes. Describe the potential prompt that initiate new or upgrade software: When you upgrade the software it might not work because it may not be suitable for the system specification, so in that situation you will need to upgrade the system to allow that software to work. Upgrading new software is used in computing and user electronics, generally meaning replacement of software with a newer version, in order to bring the system up to date to improve its characteristics. When installing or upgrading you should be aware of all the different types of risks that can occur risks such as prompts. Explain the advantage and potential disadvantage of the installation or upgrade of new software: The advantages of the installation or upgrades of the new software are that it may allow you to install different applications and also it may add new features to your current software. The disadvantages is that the upgrade may not be successful or even cause problems to other software which are currently installed and also it may stop other applications from running. It also may cause problems to existing system.

Dream vacation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Dream vacation - Essay Example Whenever I would get a chance to visit Italy I won't miss a single museum. However my family is planning to visit my aunt in Italy in the next summer vacations, if so, I would plan every single hour of my vacations to enjoy the utmost. Churches and national shrines hold significance, as they are the primary concern for tourist attraction. The works of famous sculptors and painters like Leonardo Di Vinci, Michelangelo and Filippo Brunelleschi can be found in Tuscany, one of the most beautiful tourist destinations in the world. (VacationIdea, 2006) I have often heard about the great Tower of Pisa, which is famous for its five degrees tiltness amazing most of the tourists. My curiosity lead me to investigate the reason of being tilted and then I got to know that it was just a coincidence that the tower got tilted as one side of the ground was soft and so the tower leaned one side. That coincidence became the center of attraction for majority of the tourists around the world. The most exotic art and architecture to which I would prefer to visit Rome is the Roman Colosseum built in 80 A.D for gladiator fights. I am quite inspired by such fights and wish if I had to be among one of them, what had been the consequences. Visiting Fontana Di Trevi is my heart most desire which I would fulfill in the next summer vacations. ... The reason for this is nothing particular except for the nature and greenery that island possesses. Another greener place to explore is the Cinque Terre, a place for hiking in the Northwest of Rome, enriched with botanicals of lemon orchards; I wonder I would be lost in the beauty of Rome. Rome also possesses one of my interests, a museum renowned for keeping the latest stylish and the most antique cars, Galleria Ferrari. This museum tells us all about the Romans history, people, importance of cars in Roman history and the modern Roman approach. Ranging from the sports car to modern luxury car this museum enjoys an auditorium, ground floor and first floor for the visitors all around the world. I wonder about the prices of the cars, must be expensive enough to deem to buy. Roman Forum is also a historical place to visit, as it used to be the main center of preaching religion of ancient Romans. The Forum consists of other monumental places like the Temple of Saturn, the House of the Vestals, Arch of Septimus Severus and Faustina and the Arch of Titus. After Rome, the first place to visit in Paris in my hit list is Eiffel Tower. This antique and valuable identity of Paris, well known for being the tallest building in the world serves as the main source of tourist attraction. According to my knowledge the tower comprises of three huge floors, whenever I think of spending vacations in Paris I assume myself being on the top of the floor where to enjoy the scenic view of observing the whole Paris would be like a dream turning to reality. What knowledge I have come across, tells that Paris "The City of Lights" is renowned for its monumental buildings. After Eiffel Tower comes the Arc de Triomphe. The Arc de Triomphe and its

Emerging Issue assignment- new global initiative Essay

Emerging Issue assignment- new global initiative - Essay Example This stresses the fact that the magnificent diversity of cultures should not be a constraint for maintaining the relationship as one human family and one Earth community with common destiny. The main aim of The Earth Charter has been purported ‘to bring forth a sustainable global society founded on respect for nature, universal human rights, economic justice, and a culture of peace’ (Preamble). Therefore, it is quite evident that The Earth Charter stands for protecting the mother Earth, based on the concept, Earth our home. The Earth Charter Commission, in the first four paragraphs of The Earth Charter, brings our attention to the core issue by making us aware of man’s interdependence on nature. The first paragraph entitled as ‘Earth Our Home’ rightly observes this interrelationship when it writes thus, ‘The resilience of the community of life and the well-being of humanity depend upon preserving a healthy biosphere with all its ecological syste ms, a rich variety of plants and animals, fertile soils, pure waters, and clean air.’ (Earth Our Home). This establishes the strong bond between man and nature, and also reminds the reality that human wants are unlimited but the environment or the resources of nature are limited. Therefore, one should keep in mind that the ‘protection of Earth's vitality, diversity, and beauty is a sacred trust.’ (Earth Our Home). One should also be aware of the present global situation described under the title The Global Situation. Here the Charter identifies the main factors causing for environmental devastation, namely, ‘production and consumption’ which may in time lead to ‘the depletion of resources, and a massive extinction of species’ (The Global situation). Other problems identified are the ‘unprecedented rise in human population’ and the basic difference between the rich and the poor, the grave issue that denies the benefits of dev elopment. Another severe problem affecting the ecological and sociological systems has been identified as the uncontrollable population growth. The Earth Charter identifies that ‘Fundamental changes are needed in our values, institutions, and ways of living’ (The challenges ahead) to keep up the stability of Earth. The Earth Commission also envisages that if we are ready to show the sense of universal responsibility, that is, ‘We are at once citizens of different nations and of one world in which the local and global are linked’ (Universal responsibility), we can certainly protect the Earth from anymore harm. Therefore, The Earth Charter proposes 16 interdependent principles assuring a sustainable life. The principles have been arranged under four main headings, namely, ‘Respect and care for the community of life’, ‘Ecological Integrity’, ‘Social and Economic Justice’ and ‘Democracy, Nonviolence, and Peace.â€⠄¢ Each heading discusses another four points and sub points narrating the core subject. The title ‘Respect and care for the community of life’ focuses on the necessity of showing respect to every form of life regardless of its worth to human beings. This principle also warns against man’s exploitation of the environment without considering the reality, resources and limited and to avoid environmental harm. The third principle speaks of building democratic societies that are just,

MOUNTAIN DEW Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

MOUNTAIN DEW - Assignment Example One familiar commercial shows a Cheetah being chased by a cyclist to retrieve the MD can it swallowed. Later, three other cyclists holding MD cans quench their thirst as the cheetah displays the slogan, â€Å"Do the dew.† This commercial typically shows that MD drinkers are unique. They can slip an arm into the animal’s throat without being hurt and can beat a cheetah in a dessert race, which normal people cannot do. The other commercial called â€Å"The Labor of Love† shows a healthy baby boy who jumps off his mom’s womb at birth. Apparently, his father loves to drink MD so the baby is unique. He does things that are not typical of boys at his age. Therefore, this commercial confirms that MD is for unique people. The third commercial called â€Å"Mock Opera† shows four guys singing MD’s â€Å"Do the Dew Song.† This ad also implies the notion that MD drinkers are uniquely talented. They can lead multitudes to sing the MD song. The position of the singers, juxtaposed with the crowd, emphasizes their superiority over others. Clearly, the three ads emphasize the identity of MD as a unique drink from the mountain. They also illustrate that MD is different from other popular soda drinks. They attract consumers who opt for a drink with extraordinary or unique taste. With its commercials, MD also suggests that its drinkers are unique and by drinking the dew, consumers will be capable of doing the extraordinary. Among the three ads, the third one best represents the identity and direction of MD. Letting the singers have the dew instead of giving it to the physically active illustrates that MD is not actually for the physically active but for extraordinary or uniquely talented people. As the four talented singers take the dew, the ad implies that MD is for those with distinct taste and style. The view of the singers leading the public in chorus suggests that MD drinkers have summed up to multitudes, thus many have made a unique

PDA Slim 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

PDA Slim 5 - Essay Example During the early stages of the simulation game I learned that managers need information in other to be well informed prior to implementing any decision or business strategies. The first thing I had to do was study all the data in order to familiarize myself with the company and the marketplace. It was necessary to study the economic behavior of both the company and the marketplace. Market saturation was an interesting economic metric in this simulation. The behavior I observed was that products with higher price tags such as the X6 product take much longer for the market to get saturated because the higher price tag of the item leads to lower volume sales. The opposite behavior occurred in the lower price products such as the X7. When I lowered the price for this from the start I was able to jumpstart this product line, and dramatically increase the X7 which cause a virgin product to achieve full market saturation in a four year span. The simulation taught me that a manager gets better at strategic decisions through acquired business experience which means that business strategies development involves a learning curve. A learning curve is the anticipated improvements that are likely to occur following mistakes which implies that a company gains experience it is able to develop products more efficiently and at lower costs (Learnthat). As an analyst and decision maker for PDA Corporation the historical data accumulated was very instrumental for me, since it provided the ability to review the information to study the behavior of products in the marketplace based on the decision made. One of the major strategic flaws I was able to correct was my erroneous assumption that the profitability of X7 would increase by increasing price. This was not right approach since the sales volume for the product was too low and require a lower price to jumpstart the sales of the X7

Full Day Kindergarten. It is effecitve Does it allow for higher Research Proposal

Full Day Kindergarten. It is effecitve Does it allow for higher academic acheivement in the elementary grades - Research Proposal Example Thus, the first five years of a person’s life are essential time for enormous growth. It is the stage when enormous cognitive, linguistic, emotional, social and psychomotor skills are being developed (Dwyer et al., 2000). A research on cognitive development underlines that a supportive context plays an important role in strengthening and supporting the process of learning in a specific domain. Certain techniques that serve as an alleyway into the developing brain allow researchers to see that stimulation from the environment alters the course of the very physiology of the brain that interconnects nature and nurture. An array of theoretical perspectives put forward that a significant characteristic of a supportive environment is a responsible and responsive adult. Parents, teachers, and caregivers are the ones who uphold development as they fashion learning experiences that make the most of and broaden the childs competence. These experiences should be challenging but, at the same time, within reach. To make this possible, these adults have to be sensitive to the individual and developmental characteristics of the child (Bowman et al., 1999). An excellent vehicle through which children build knowledge is through playing. Playing provides opportunities to discover new skills by means of dynamic exploration of hands-on materials needed by the children. However, safe and comfortable environments wherein they can put these newly acquired skills into practice and utilize them to further learn new knowledge (Pennsylvania Department of Education and Department of Welfare, 2007). The individual learning and development of a child is built around on a continuum that is based on previous knowledge and experiences. The unique learning style, ability and experiences are put together to uphold further progress along the continuum. The physical, social-emotional cognitive and other domains of learning should be developed alongside each other to create the

Human Sleep-Wake Cycle Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Human Sleep-Wake Cycle - Essay Example In the decrement of circadian processes, sleep homeostasis takes charge, allowing for sleep opportunities to dominate (Martinez-Rodriguez & Santamaria, 2005). As part of biological rhythm, patterns in sleep-wake cycle may vary, depending on developmental age, but some of its mechanisms remain the same. Anatomical Description Neurological in origin, sleep-wake cycle is governed by brain structures, which in turn regulates neurochemical mechanisms. On structural construct, hypothalamus in midbrain is home to suprachiasmatic nucleus, which primarily controls circadian patterns of being awake and asleep (Conn, 2006). Progressively, arousal states in consciously-aware individuals are governed by several neurological parts: â€Å"brainstem...thalamus, and basal forebrain.† These anatomic landmarks are sources for several neurotransmitters, which chemically influence the sleep-wake cycle--promoting active or passive stimulation. Specifically, wakefulness is generated by chemical reac tions with â€Å"hyprocretin and locus coeruleus in hypothalamus and dopamine in thalamus,† while sleepiness is induced by â€Å"serotonin in brainstem and prostaglandin in forebrain† (Stiller, & Postolache, 2005, p. 2008). Each is either inhibited or exploited in order to maintain balance between wakefulness and sleepiness. If a part malfunctions, other neurochemicals compensate, before disruptions in sleep-wake cycle manifest. ... In stage 1, there is initial drowsiness and progression towards light sleep. On the next stage, light sleep deepens into true sleep--consistently repeated at midnight. In the last two stages, 3 and 4, biologic functions are slower, and slow-wave category of sleep takes place. This frequently occurs early in sleeping episodes and account for less than a quarter of overall sleeping time. As NREM has been through, more active brain activity signals entry into REM. Brain stimulation is intensive compared to previous levels in NREM, with distinctive â€Å"rapid eye movement...muscle paralysis, and dreaming† (Davis & Parker, 2004). As NREM occupies earlier periods of sleeping time, REM is exhibited during early mornings. In cyclical manner, sleep levels must pass from phases in NREM to REM, and constantly repeated as the chain is through--to achieve restful sleep. Sleep-wake Changes in Age Development Between the lengths of staying awake and falling asleep, there is a supposed diffe rence in this aspect for young and older groups. Length of continuous sleep is shortest in newborns, with less than 4 hours, and increases by 2 hours as they get older--totaling to 14-16 hours per day. In adolescence stage, 10 to 12 hours of sleep is common (Davis & Parker, 2004). Nonetheless, shortened sleep in young children lengthens with age augmentation, and declines as old age approaches. Significantly, circadian wake indicator is an hour or two earlier in older ones; hence, the range between staying awake and falling asleep is no longer proportional to that of younger samples (Billiard & Kent, 2003). The source for such alteration is traced back to circadian rhythm, where diminished natural processes change the older generations’ ability to stay asleep. As circadian

Traditional Practice of Buddism in Asia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Traditional Practice of Buddism in Asia - Essay Example Thesis statement: The contrast study proves that Buddhism practiced by contemporary Americans and traditional practices of Buddhism in Asia are different due to the difference in the role of women in religious matters, difference between text-based and meditation-centered practice, difference between traditional and reinterpreted Buddhism, and cultural differences (special references to American and Asian Buddhist practices). Buddhism practiced by contemporary Americans Buddhism practiced by contemporary Americans is a hybrid variety of Chinese, Japanese, Tibetan, Cambodian, Thai and Burmese Buddhist traditions. Seager made clear that â€Å"There are many forms of American Buddhism and many different Buddhist rituals, most of which have their origins in Asia but are being transplanted and adapted to the United States† (4). Besides, trade and commerce played an important role in the spread of Buddhist practice in America. To be specific, the American merchant ship, namely †˜The Empress of China’ aiming to expand trade and commerce with China, reached Canton in the year 1784 and introduced Buddhism in America. In addition, the immigrants from China who happened to reach the mainland of America in 1820s spread Buddhist practices in America. The World parliament of Religions (Chicago, 1893) deeply influenced the spread of Japanese Buddhism in America. Later, the influx of Tibetan immigrants to America due to Chinese holocaust in Tibet introduced Tibetan Buddhist practice in America. The instability in the Asian nations like Laos and Thailand resulted in the large scale immigration of Asians to America. Besides, this resulted in the introduction of Theravada tradition of Buddhism in America. So, Buddhism practiced by contemporary Americans is not rigid but flexible. To be specific, the amalgamation of different Buddhist traditions deeply rooted in the Indian Buddhism is the foundation of the Buddhist practices in contemporary America. This helped the American Buddhism to accept the core elements of American culture. Traditional practice of Buddhism in Asia The traditional practice of Buddhism in Asia is based upon Gautama Buddha’s preaching. Within this context, Buddhism does not believe in the existence of the God. Instead, Buddhism proclaims that one can attain salvation or ‘moksha’ through mediation. The Buddhist philosophy or the teachings of Gautama Buddha is the core aspect of the traditional practice of Buddhism in Asia. Besides, the traditional practice of Buddhism in Asia is able to incorporate different cultural aspects. To be specific, the Indian Buddhism can be considered as an extension of Hinduism. For instance, most of the practices of Indian Buddhism are deeply rooted in the practices of Hinduism. The only difference is that Hinduism believes in the existence of God but Buddhism discards the same. Within this context, Buddhism accepted some elements of Hinduism and became popular beyond In dian context. This characteristic of assimilation was helpful for Buddhism to spread to the different parts of Asia. Swearer made clear that â€Å"Buddhist monks in Southeast Asia have taken leadership roles in causes that have led to both direct and indirect political consequences† (132). In China, Japan, Tibet and other Asian nations, Buddhism accepted

Ational aconomy Essay Example for Free

Ational aconomy Essay A joint venture is a partnership created by agreement between the parties to share in the losses and profits of the venture. But it is unlike a partnership in that the venture is for one specific project only, rather than for a continuing business relationship. If we speak about two great artists: Anrie Matisse and Pablo Picasso the idea about their joint venture could be expressed in the words: â€Å"History of success or How they never worked together but influenced upon each other†. When Picasso met Matisse, his French was poor and he was not so experiencied as his older college. Fernande Olivier said: Matisse, beaucoup plus age, serieux circonspect, navait pas les idees de Picasso. Pole Nord et Pole Sud , disait-il en parlant deux deux. He characterized Matisse in those words: Le type du grand maitre: visage aux traits reguliers, a la forte barbe doree, Matisse etait sympathique. Il semblait cependant se derober derriere ses grosses lunettes, reservant lexpression de son regard mais parlant longuement des quon lentreprenait sur la peinture. Il discutait , affirmait, voulait convaincre. Il avait deja pres de 45 ans, tres maitre de lui a lencontre de Picasso, timide, toujours un peu maussade et gene dans ces sortes de reunions. Matisse brillait et simposait. Ils etaient les deux artistes de qui on attendait le plus. Leo Stein, collector and mecenate said that disorder and dust (â€Å"le desordre et la poussiere†) was usual medium for Picasso versa order and calms (â€Å"lordre et le calme†) for Matisse. They were competitors but they were were friendly competitors. Matisse’s focus was color and lines while Picasso put form above all. And it is so strange to read words of some art experts (Robert Rosenblum) about their competition: â€Å"This is like the heavyweight championship of the art world†¦ like the battle of the titans, like the Montagues and Capulets. One of the exciting things about it is the friction, the rivalry, the give and take. † Well, what art production was the result of two or more artists working together as a joint venture? Historically the first examples of joint venture were seven wonders of the ancient world. I can not recollect names of all authors of the Great Pyramids at Giza, the Hanging Gardens at Babylon, the Statue of Zeus at Olympia, the Temple of Artemis at Ephesos, the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, the Colossus of Rhodes and the Pharos (Lighthouse) at Alexandria. Nobody can. But I should try. The biggest and the most successful project is Khufu’s pyramide. So, what parties we have in this joint venture? Producer and general director: Great King Pharao Khufu. Architect and executive director – Khimeun. Other participanys: hundreds of unknown artists. Tourists want to look at this specimen of ancient art and they ready to pay for this pleasure. Some kinds of arts are syntetic by their nature. Like opera, which is â€Å"a drama set to music and made up of vocal pieces with orchestral accompaniment and orchestral overtures and interludes† (www. m-w. com). So several persons participate in developing opera: composer and conductor (music), writer (libretto), scenograph and director (performance). Success of the performance depends not only on music or text but on every participant. Painters usually work independently. Leonardo da Vinchi made picture Babtize of Christ (Andre Veroneze’s workshop) to be more expensive when he put his hand to an angel and landscape. But when young Leonardo worked with Veroneze he was only his apprentice. Some artists created consortium which became brend name of their production. Soviet caricaturists Kupriyanov Mikhail, Krilov Porfiri and Sokolov Nikolay were teamed up during second world war and their caricaturs signed as KUKRINIKSI. Work in harmony – is ideal. But artist team creates atmosphere of inspiration which helped individuals to produce true chedevre. â€Å"This was a project conceived of with joy and optimism, it was carried out with faith and love faith that we could, as a team, work collectively to create something much greater than each of us individually and love because thats why we make street paintings we love what we do. † – these words of participant of street painting festival demonstrated advantages of team work and joint venture in the art. So, the oldest story is relationship of master and apprentice. The apprentice system, through which new artists learned the trade ensured that styles of art were continued from master to apprentice. An apprenticeship was an obligation of future painter members and normally lasted from four to six years. This period spent in a recognized master painters workshop insured the young artist a thorough familiarization with the complexities of his craft. Laborious task like hand grinding of mineral paints was often left to the apprentice. In the masters studio the apprentice was exposed to the many thoughts, opinions and artistic theories which circulated with great fluency from one artists studio to the others. Painters studios were often lively places frequented by artist, patrons and men of culture. Animated artistic debates as well as exchanges of information concerning the art market were the norm. The apprentice, within the space of a few years, was personally exposed to an endless stream of ideas and information which passed every day through the masters studio. He was allowed to work on the less important areas of the masters own paintings such as large areas of unmodulated color or monotonous areas of foliage in the background. The master closely followed his pupils progress and corrected him when needed. Some extremely talented artists were able to leave the masters studio within a few years. Rembrandt progressed so rapidly that he already had pupils of his own at the age of 21. An apprentices first tasks were humble: sweeping, running errands, preparing the wooden panels for painting, and grinding and mixing pigments. As the apprentices skills grew, he would begin to learn from his master: drawing sketches, copying paintings, casting sculptures, and assisting in the simpler aspects of creating art works. The best students would assist the master with important commissions, often painting background and minor figures while the Master painted the main subjects. The few apprentices who showed amazing skill could eventually become masters themselves. A very few became greater artists than their masters. As the apprentices skills improved he worked on the more complex areas such as drapery and the secondary objects seen in the painting. Once the apprentice had gained sufficient mastery, he was allowed to conceive and execute his own paintings, but could neither sign nor sell them. This could be done only after he had undergone the entrance exam of the guild. Another advantage of being a guild member was permission to sell paintings of other artists as well in order to increment his earnings. It’s very difficult to call this relationship true joint venture. But we could find some parallels in the modern business. For example iFIDs. com is a joint-venture partnership between Thunder Bay International Airport Inc. and Aviation InterTech. iFIDs. com came about when the airport went looking for a flight information display system for the terminal to fit their budget and Aviation InterTech came up with a low-cost Internet-based solution. Another axample: the joint venture have been formed recnetly between BBC Worldwide Americas Inc. (BBCWA) and New York merchant banking firm Veronis Suhler. The venture will initially focus on acquiring consumer lifestyle and informational publishing properties with cross-media expansion potential. It incorporated the BBC’s existing and future North American businesses in publishing including video, books and magazines. The 50/50 joint venture is being capitalized at $100 million of equity, with significant purchasing power beyond this. The company will be managed jointly by both partners. You see: joint venture in the art is always virtual. But JV in the business – is very important part of world and national aconomy.

Operant Conditioning Paper Essay Example for Free

Operant Conditioning Paper Essay The theory of operant conditioning was thought of by B.F. Skinner. Skinner came up with this theory based on the work of Thorndike (1905). The theory of operant conditioning states that organisms learn to act or behave in a way which obtains or gets a reward yet avoids a punishment. It is an instrumental type of conditioning. Type R conditioning is also known as operant conditioning. Type R conditioning is shown by the response rate. Type S conditioning is determined by the amount of the conditioned response. Skinners R conditioning is similar to Thorndike’s instrumental conditioning, and Skinners S conditioning is very similar to Pavlov’s classical conditioning (Olson Hergenhahn, 2009). The focus in operant conditioning is on a behavior and the consequences surrounding that behavior. The organism must behave in a way to cause stimulus reinforcement. This is also known as contingent or dependent reinforcement because getting the reinforcement or reward is based on a particular behavior or performance by the organism. An example of this would be, if a dog wants a treat, he must do a new trick hew has been taught. Positive reinforcements are those which cause a behavior to be repeated. An example would be a child crying at night (when they should be sleeping) and knowing that when he or she cries someone will come. This may be a positive reinforcement for the young child or baby because the child is being comforted and getting attention like he or she wants whenever they cry. The positive reinforcement is the person coming. On the other hand it could be negative for the person getting awakened. They do not want to have to get up in the middle of the night. They may eventually just let the child self soothe. Then eventually the person, if he or she decided not to respond to the child would not come anymore. This would be a negative reinforcement for the child because they are not getting a reward or what he or she thought of as a reward any longer. If the child did learn to stop crying in middle of the night, then the person getting up would have the positive reinforcement of silence instead of noise in the middle of the night. I think the form of reinforcement that is most effective is the dependent or contingent reinforcement. I reward my children with doing things they like if they do well in their school since they are homeschooled. If they know ahead of time that they will get special stuff, be able to go somewhere, or do something they like, they are more likely to try harder on their school work and act better. I will try operant conditioning with our dogs. Training a dog with the reward system is a good way to start or stop a certain behavior. The dog will perform the behavior habitually for a long time, and if it ever has to have reinforcement, it is only once in a while. I will try this with my dogs when taking them outside every day for the next two weeks at least three times a day. I will let them go off leash, because we have a non-fenced in yard, and I am trying to get them to stay within their bounds without leaving our property area. I have decided that if I take treats outside with me for the three out of the five times a day they are taken out, and offer it to them when I call them as they start to go out of their area, while at the same time telling them no and calling their name, they will learn where their boundaries or parameter is in our yard. I will do it gradually less and less so the reinforcement, which is the treats, eventually does not have to be used. The behavior will just become natural to the dogs, and eventually they will know where they can and cannot go. References Olson, M.H. Hergenhahn, B.R. (2009). An introduction to theories of learning (8th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall

Research on Altered Granites

Research on Altered Granites Visible yellow radial U- minerals (up to 1 % U )was recorded coating the fractures in the sheared granites, border on the two sides by milky quartz veins, which play as septa for U- minerals migration. From the mineralogical point of view, the sheared granite rich in; a) uranium (meta-autunite, kasolite and phurcalite) , b) thorium (uranothorite) and c) base metals (wolframite, columbite, fergusonite and Plumbopyrochlore minerals) in addition to zircon, allanite, rutile, fluorite, fluro-apatite, phlogopite and iron oxide minerals (hematite, ilmenite, goethite and magnetite )(Table.1).Meta-autunite occurs as lemon-yellow to greenish yellow, subhedral crystals formed as dehydration pseudomorphs after autunite (Fig,6a) and usually associated with kasolite. Phurcalite occurs as light brown subhedral to anhedral crystals of calcium uranium phosphate (Fig,6b) and usually associated with iron oxides. The altered granites are enriched in most major oxides (Fe2O3, Tio2, ,Mn, Mg, CaO and P2O5,) except SiO2 and Na2O than fresh granites (Fig.7) manifesting ferrugination, calcification ,desilicification and illitization .Also the fresh granites are depleted in most trace elements (Ni, Cr, Sr, Zr, Y, Ga, Zn, Pb, and Cu) except Nb than altered ones. Based on major element data, the main characteristic features of the studied altered granites are higher in Fe/Mg ratio (15 av.), lower in SiO2(av.52.8 %)andNa2O /K2O ( av.0.16) than fresh granites Table 2 ) . Fig. 6: Photomicrographs showing; a) meta-autunite crystal surrounded by phurcalite mineral in altered granites. C.N., X=40 and b) phurcalite mineral associated with iron oxide in altered granites. C.N., X=40. Table (1): Shows the result of minerals occurrences in the study area. Minerals group Rock types Minerals Uranium minerals Altered granite Meta-autunite, Phurcalite and Kasolite Thorium minerals Uranothorite Base Metals Altered granite Wolframite Black Jasper Cassiterite, Wolframite, Zincite, Ni-chromite and Cr-spinel Red Jasper Ni-Chromite and Cr-spinel Milky quartz Galena, Pyrite, pyrrhotite and Sphalerite Copper Minerals Milky quartz covellite, bornite Red Jasper crysocolla Black Jasper Atacamite, Paratacamite, and cuprite Native minerals Black Jasper and Milky quartz Gold and Nickel Nb-Ta minerals Altered granites Plumbopyrochlore, Columbite and Fergusonite REEs-Bearing Minerals Alkali feldspar granites Zircon, Fluorite syenogranites Zircon, allanite Altered granites Zircon, Allanite, Rutile and Fluorite Stream sediments Zircon, Monazite Black Jasper Xenotime Red Jasper Iron Minerals Altered granites Hematite, Ilmenite, Goethite and Magnetite Black Jasper Hematite, Magnetite Red Jasper Hematite, Magnetite and Goethite Milky quartz Hematite Fig.( 7 ) The enrichment and depletion of major oxides and trace elements of altered granites to the fresh granites samples. Fig.( 8 ) Bar- diagram showing the trace elements distribution of red and black jasper. The content of HFSE in both fresh and altered granites (Nb (36-10 ppm), Zr (316- 759 ppm), Y(69- 220 ppm) ,U (8-ppm) respectively as well as low Rb/Sr ratio (1.04-0.45) and K/ Rb ratio (0.03-0.04) (Table 2) suggest that the fresh granites are primarily derived from felsic source .On the other side, these criteria in the altered granites are critical for uranium exploration . The black jasper more richer than red one in Ni (av.1004 -81ppm),Cr(av.8575 -853ppm),Zn (av.144 -80 ppm), Cu(av.1106- 35 ppm), Co(av.371-0.0 ppm), Au(1.04 -0.5 ppm) and U(40- 8800ppm)respectively (Table 2,Fig.8 ). The latest event invades the WNW-ESE shear zone was the intrusion of silica and jasper veins with different magnitude. The excess of released quartz can migrate as colloidal silica to precipitate later in the tension fractures as jasperoid vein at upper structural levels under low temperature condition .Silicification along the main shear zone has a noticeable amount of liberated secondary silica occurs as fine crystals associated with the large primary quartz crystals and characterized by the existence of three generations of silica veins differ in color, mineralization and age. 1)The milky quartz veins are the first phase (the youngest one), mainly barren, running WNW and dipping 70 °/ SSW direction, highly brecciated (2-5 Km in length, 0.25-3 m in width)and common only at the southern border of the shear zone. 2) The red jasper veins(second phase) have E-W ,WNW,NW and NE trends (Fig.5), dipping 50-75/N or S , 45 °/ SSW, SW and SE direction respectively. They fractured, fragmented, discontinuous, brecciated,(7km in length, 0.30-3 m in width) and rich in Cr, , Ni, Sn, Zn and Cu- mineralization (Fig.6) (some parts of red jasper are rich by vugs (physical tap) that are filled by mineralization. These veins exhibit combinations of more than one style; orbicular and brecciated. Brecciated red jasper (Plate 4.a) can vary from soft swirls of color to dramatically fragmented shades of rich brown, brick red and cream colors. Deeply integrated colors come from organic materials and iron oxides imbedded in the stones. Ore microscopic investigation reveals that; quartz crystals occur as anhedral cryptocrystalline associated and stained by iron oxide. Sometimes cryptocrystalline crystals of amorphous silica form banding. Iron oxide occurs as black crystalline minerals and staining of quartz. 3) The black jasper(oldest one) is represented by 1.8 km in length, 0.5-10 m in width, trending N45 °W ,dipping 50 °-65 ° /SW (Figs.5), and rich in Cr, Ni, Cu and Au mineralization, Fig.7).They are concentrated only in the eastern part of G. Um Bakra shear zone and less abundant in length than milky and red veins. The black jasper are vuggy than milky and red silica veins and these vugs filled by calcite minerals. The apical parts of the veins are intensely weathered, oxidized, brecciated fragments (Plate.4b) and decomposed to forming gossans. Petrographically, quartz occurs as cryptocrystalline and polycrystalline forming spherulitic texture and associated with iron oxide. Iron oxide associated with quartz and sometimes forming network or needle (Plate .4c). Cr- spinel with blood red color was observed and having darker boundaries with quartz (Plate.4d).Ore microscopic study reveals the presence of gold, chromite and magnetite minerals. Fire assay for gold content give 1.04 g/ton .Chromite occurs as anhedral crystal associated with magnetite (Plate.4e). Chromite existed in different forms; zoned veinlet or disseminated specks (Plate. 4 fg). Black minerals filling fracture and associated with quartz (Plate.4h) . Fig. (6): showing different types of copper minerals in red and black jasper ,a) atacamite mineral, b) paratacamite mineral, c) cuprite mineral and d) crysocolla mineral . Fig. (7): Photograph showing copper minerals from black jasper of the study area. Alterations Two phases of hydrothermal alterations; acid and alkaline were distinguished in the shear zone resulting in Kaolinization and ferrugination processes as illustrated below: Kaolinization indicates that the rocks were affected by acidic solution with low temperature varying from 200 to 250  °C (Helgeston 1974). Kaolinitization process causes an increase in alumina (18.2%) at the expense of the other major oxides (Table2).Kaolinization affects sheared granites in the shear zone are characterized by the formation of clay minerals and adsorbed secondary U- minerals( meta-autunite, Kasolite and Phurcalite) (Table1). Acidic alteration of biotite produces illite+quartz ,while magnesium, iron, oxygen, and fluorine are dissolved in hydrothermal fluids (Pirajno,1992). These solution caused the alteration of the feldspars and micas to clay minerals (Fig.8) are produced by an acidic fluid and it liberates silica and K+ according to Pirajno,(1992). Similarly, the anorthite component of plagioclase is transformed to (clay minerals) (Hemley and Jones, 1964; Pirajno1992) and frees Ca2+ ions transported also by the hydrothermal solution. The free Al+3 increase the alumina in the clay mineral. This kind of alteration by acid solution is responsible for transported and redeposited uranium and base metals mineralization in WNW-ESE shear zone which acts as a good trap. carbonitization:The common presence of calcite manifesting carbonitization process along the shear zone (Fig.8).Also both of ultramafic -mafic rocks and intrusive gabbros are rich by carbonate minerals. Ferrugination causes increase in total Fe2O3 content (FeOt= 4.7%. to 32.7%) at the expense of other oxides. The strong alkaline solution may precipitate Fe+3 and U+6 within the shear zones in the form of iron oxy-hydroxides rich in uranium (Cuney, et al., 1984). Sheared granite samples stained by Fe oxides adsorb U minerals at the main shear zone. Ferrugination is represented mainly by hematite and goethite minerals (table1, Fig.9).Oxygen may combine with iron to produce hematite forming hematitic alteration. Plate 4: Photomicrographs showing; a) brecciated red jasper vein, C.N., X=40., b ) brecciated black jasper vein with vugs, c) black silica vein showing hematitization in quartz, iron oxide occurs as needles in quartz. C.N., X=40, d) blood red, Cr spinel having darker boundaries in BJV (PPL), X=20., e) chromite (cr) in rim and magnetite (mag) in core in BJV. X =40, f) veinlet of chromite and groundmass of magnetite in BJV. X=40, g) disseminated specks of chromite in BJV. X= 40, h) red jasper vein showing iron oxide present as black crystalline minerals and staining of quartz. C.N., X=20 fluoritization :Fluorite was emplaced through the fractures and fissures in altered granite along the shear zone. The released 3Ca2+and 6 Fà ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ during illitization of the anorthite and biotite may combine together forming fluorite which is observed within the shear zone associate with U- minerals. Acknowledgements Our sincere thanks and gratitude should be provided to Dr.I, Hassan and Dr.W. El-Gazlawy, NMA, for their help during field work. Discussion Conclusion 1-To form a hydrothermal deposit in Um Bakra- Um Samra WNW-ESE shear zone requires: (1) a magma source of fluid, (2) dissolved metals in the magmatic fluids, , (3) heat source and activate tectonic, causes the migration of à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡uid and (4) Presence of channel ways, layering and physical cavities, to precipitates the metals or minerals. 2-G. Um Samra -G. Um Bakra shear zone strikes N-80 ° and dipping 45 ° /SSW and ranges from 30 to 500 m in thickness and extends 10 km in length. The host rock (syenogranites)is highly altered, fine -grained,ferruginous ,reddish pink and grayish pink to grayish in color. Two opposite N-S strike-slip faults and NNE and NNW strike-slip faults dextral and sinistral sense of movement(good channel ways) forming grabben and horst structures respectively (6 km in length, 30 m in width, dipping 10 °-20 ° towards E or W) cut the shear zone. 3-Three generations of silica veins differ in color, mineralization and age are common. The first phase (youngest),is barren milky quartz veins, running WNW and dipping 70 °/ SSW direction , highly brecciated (2-5 Km in length, 0.25-3 m in width. The red jasper(second phase) has N 60 °-76 ° W trend, dipping 45 °/ SSW direction, fractured, fragmented, discontinuous, brecciated, (7km in length, 0.30-3 m in width) and rich in Cr, Ni, Sn, Zn and Cu- mineralization) .The third phase (oldest one) is represented by black jasper (1.8 km in length, 0.5-10 m in width, trends N75W ,dipping 50 °-65 ° /SSW and rich in Cr, Ni, and Au mineralization). 4-The black jasper more richer than red one in Ni (av.1004 -81ppm),Cr(av.8575 -853ppm),Zn (av.144 -80 ppm), Cu(av.1106- 35 ppm), Co(av.371-0.0 ppm), Au(1.4 -0.5 ppm) and U(av, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.ppm)respectively (Table ). 5-The presence of clay mineral (dickite:Al2Si2O5(OH)4) in quartz and jasper veins indicates a temperature environment higher than 200 °C. The mixing of volatile fluids with meteoric water and fluid- wall rock interaction result in changes in pH and oxygen activity and deposition of base metals. 6- Precipitation of hematite in shear zone and red jasper veins probably decreased the pH of the solution and rising acidic fluids. The sudden change in the pH and temperature of the fluids will lead to destabilization of base metal complexes favouring their deposition (Alexandrov et al., 1985). 7-The cooling of the hydrothermal solution decreases the solubility of the metals. Cooling can take place when hot magmatic à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡uids enter cooler wall rocks or when two à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡uids mix, Similar reactions can take place between hydrothermal solutions and wall rock; a solution containing dissolved sulà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ de might contact a rock containing magnetite, to convert the magnetite to pyrite by a process called sulà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ dation.Or, a solution containing Cu might react with a rock containing pyrite to form Cu sulà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ des. 8- The base metals mineralization are accumulate in the residual melt of the late fractionate alkali feldspar granites (Bright, 1974) especially upward in the magmatic system (Smith,1979). During the emplacement of the basic and intermediate dikes (olivine basalt, andesite and dolerite dikes) which accompanied with high temperature and Co2), the base metals(galena, pyrite, sphalerite and cassiterite) were precipitated from saline and reduced fluids as sulfides due to cooling, fluid mixing and wall rock reaction. 9-The banded texture in jasper veins is common in epithermal base metals, indicating of boiling event and rapid deposition (Hedenquist et al.,1995).Most epithermal deposits consist of numerous separate, largely vertical veins that form a conjugate set, sometimes reà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ecting regional tectonic stress. Low-temperature hydrothermal solutions ( 10- The non-sulfide ore deposits are classified into two major types; supergene and hypogene deposits (Hitzman et. al., 2003). (a) Supergene deposits form primarily from the oxidation of sulfide-bearing deposits and are formed principally zinc carbonate or silicates, and (b) hypogene deposits consist dominantly of zinc silicates and oxides, and they commonly result from mixing of a reduced, Zn-rich, with an oxidized, sulfur-poor fluid. Um Bakra-Um Samra shear zone containing zinc oxides (hypogene deposits). 11-Pyrite presents in two generations, disseminated and along fractures. The occurrence of covellite, bornite and magnetite are related to the oxidation product of disseminated pyrite, whereas the second type of pyrite transformed into pyrrhotite. 12-The chloritization process is the last phase of alteration in the shear zone, where fluids became rich in Mg/Fe most probably due to the decomposition of ferromagnesian minerals from the basic and intermediate dikes. Fig.( 8) :Showing Kaolinization map for Um Bakra -Um Samra area. Fig.( 9) showing ferrugination map for Um Bakra -Um Samra area. Table ( 2 ) chemical analysis of major oxides and trace elements of Um Samra-Um Bakra area. Trace elements (ppm) Fresh Altered Red Black Ni Range 0.0-55 0-18095 0-409 314-1501 Average 10 2322 81 1004 Cr Range 233-485 113-2409 294-2689 3490-12898 Average 296 798 853 8575 Rb Range 83-210 0-392 0.0-1161 0.0 Average 147. 128 289 0.0 Sr Range 17-507 73-58 8-127 0-17 Average 142 278 74 7 Zr Range 89-659 196-1873 0-466 0.0 Average 316 759 238 0.0 Y Range 16-102 84-512 0-79 0-142 Average 69 220 38 77 Nb Range 14-56 0-62 0-35 0.0 Average 36 10 11 0.0 Ga Range 22-45 0-151 0-59 0.0 Average 32 73 24 0.0 Zn Range 16-145 0-2409 32-169 56-281 Average 78 528 80 144 Pb Range 0-52 0-684 0-173 0.0 Average 16 157 45 0.0 Cu Range 0-32 0-210 0-80 431-2045 Average 4 26 35 1107 Co Range 0.0 0.0 0.0 0-558 Average 0.0 0.0 0.0 371 Mo Range 0.0 0.0 0-127 0.0 Average 0.0 0.0 25 0.0 As Range 0.0 0.0 0-2098 0.0 Average 0.0 0.0 419 0.0 U Range 0.0 0-7640 0.0 0.0 Average 0.0 1749 0.0 0.0 Major oxides % Fresh Altered Red Black SiO2 Range 69.22-75.33 23.14-72.09 70.3-92.53 72.93-91.27 Average 72.9 52.8 84.2 82.7 TiO2 Range 0.01-0.29 0.28-2.46 0.01-0.22 0.0 Average 0.2 1.08 0.2 0.0 Al2O3 Range 12.35-15.4 10.37-18.02 0.69-14.85 0.69 Average 13.7 12.7 6.8 0.8 Fe2O3 Range 0.08-2.91 2.10-45-77 1.39-4.97 4.46-22.54 Average 1.9 19.8 3.4 13.4 MnO Range 0-0.08 0-0.75 0.01-0.03 0.01-0.04 Average 0.03 0.1 0.03 0.03 MgO Range 0.13-0.65 0.24-7.23 0.29-1.75 0.19-0.60 Average 0.31 1.32 0.806 0.442 CaO Range 0.45-2.55 1.26-4.4 0.31-0.76 0.01-1.74 Average 1.1 2.6 0.6 0.5 Na2O Range 3.15-4.34 0.12-3.34 0.05-2.2 0.05-0.12 Average 3.7 0.8 0.6 0.08 K2O Range 4-6.70 1.84-7.78 0.1-6.96 0.04-0.09 Average 5 5 3 0.06 P2O5 Range 0.020.16 0.01-1.23 0.07-0.48 0.02-0.04 Average 0.08 0.39 0.224 0.032 L.O.I. Range 0.04-0.85 0.8-2.80 Average 0.31 1.43 Total Range 99.73-99.9 93.22-99.91 99.36-99.92 97.45-99.01 Average 100 98.42 99.7 98.288 References Abdalla, H. M., Matsueda, H., Obeid, M., A. and Takahashi., R., (2008): Chemistry of cassiterite in rare metal granitoids and the associated rocks in Eastern Desert, Egypt. Journal of Mineralogical and petrological sciences, 103, 318-326. Abdalla, H. M. and Mohamed, F. H., (1999): Mineralogical and geochemical investigation of emerald and beryl mineralization, Pan-African Belt of Egypt genetic and exploration aspects: J. Afr Earth Sci, 28,3, 581-598. Bakhit, F.S., 1978 geology and radioactive mineralization of Gabal El-Missikat area,Eastern Desert of Egypt, A.R.E. Ph.D. thesis, Fac. Sci., Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt, 289 p. Bakhit, F.S., and Meleik, M.L.,1990. Application of autocorrelation function to structural lineaments in radioactive sample area in the Central Eastern Desert of Egypt. Int. G. Remote Sensing, 11, No. 10,1919. El Ramly, M.F. (1972): A new geological map for the basement rocks rocks in the South Western Desert of Egypt. Ann. Geol. Surv. Egypt.2, 1-18. Gharieb A.G.

The Elephant Man Essay -- Elephant Man Essays

The Elephant Man John Merrick, a man so pathetic and helpless because of the curse of his extremely disfigured body he carries around with him. Lots of people are born with some deformity or another, but none such as the case of John Merrick, in other words, ‘The Elephant Man’ who was given this name because he was so deformed he resembled an extremely ugly elephant. The movie shows how John Merrick is marginalized not only by the general public, but also the poorest of people to such an extent that his life was a misery. This movie shows how cynical people can be towards fellow human beings. His abnormalities did not even allow him to take a walk in the garden by day light as the common society looked at him with complete disgust. Although John suffers much, he manages to win a few hearts with the help of his ‘friend’, Dr. Frederick Treves, and when he was content with his life he commits suicide.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In this story the darker side of society is witnessed and their utterly cynical behaviour is practiced on John, for one reason only – he does not look like any other normal human being. It is seen how the general public reacts in the very beginning of the movie, when Mr. Bytes presents him in the carnival just like an animal would be presented in front of an audience in a circus. In addition to this injustice Mr. Bytes brutally beats him which further disfigures him and then calls him as a ‘freak’. When Dr. Treves takes John to the hospital, a dispute brakes out whether he should be allowed to stay in the hospital, for no other reason, but only because he was so ugly. In one part of the movie it is shown how one nurse is upset with another nurse because the latter had her involved in the care of John Merrick which she did not like, because he was so ugly that it scared her. Amongst all the negative people in John Merrick’s life, the nigh t porter who in one part of the movie refers to himself as ‘Sunny Jim’ is the most cynical character in the entire story. His vile and selfish behavior tempted him to earn an extra income at John Merrick’s expense. He would take money from people and expose them to John, where the women would look at him with awe and fear while the men literally played around with him as if he were nothing but some broken toy. It is noticed how John was marginalized even by the lowest of classes even thought they themselves were amon... ...rson on a bed, which he was not supposed to because of his head being too large, which in turn would kill him. Yet he decided to sleep like a normal person, so he arranged his bed and went into the blanket and slept†¦forever. He committed suicide.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬ËœThe Elephant Man’ is what John Merrick is referred to due to his physical abnormality which was close to that of an elephant. John had lots of people in his life that looked at him with an evil, selfish and cynical eye thus marginalizing him to the extreme. Due to his pathetic and out of place facial features he was not accepted by society thus he was always indoors unable to have an independent life. Besides all of this John still achieved some happiness with the help of Dr. Treves who helped him to gain the hearts of many people and when he felt that he had lived his life to his heart’s content he committed suicide. John Merrick went down in history books as a legend, because he led a life of extremes, which was filled with sorrow, but happiness towards the end of his life. When he was tired of being pushed around and had achieved sufficient love and happiness he slept to his death thus ending the curse of ‘The Elephant Man’.

In Defense of Chatrooms Essay -- Technology Internet Computers Papers

In Defense of Chatrooms With the advent of the Internet, fewer people are using the telephone or postal system as media of interactive communication exchanges due to their specific uses and limitations. While the former does not allow one to chat with several others from all over the world simultaneously and at a reasonable cost, the latter is handicapped by its time-consuming nature. Replacing the two mediums is a fast and rising newcomer, chatrooms, which offer an unprecedented opportunity to interact effectively, cheaply and widely, with multiple individuals at a time and in faraway places too. Chatrooms are definitely not meant as a utopia and in fact, they can be a serious menace when people exploit them through verbal, psychological abuse or worse, physical abuse. Despite the dangers which can be minimized through self-discipline and parental guidance, chatrooms are suitable places for developing the self socially, mentally and culturally, as well as shaping the character traits of the self. Being social creatures, "we are born into social environments (to) discover and explore the world through social discourse, (to) come to know ourselves through interpersonal experience" (Leitenberg, 325). Such basic requirements are met when one chats online by typing rather than by talking, for example, through Internet Relay Chat (IRC), which attracts people from "Finland, Australia, South Africa, Italy, the Netherlands, Austria, Iceland... and that is only a sampling of some of the geographical areas represented on the Net" (Reiner & Blanton, xvi). The diversity in the nationalities, ages, occupations and personalities of IRC users tends to give the self a global orientation since one is able to navigate to other countries an... ...Harold. Handbook of social and evaluation anxiety (New York: Plenum Press), 1990 Pyra, Marianne. Using Internet Relay Chat (USA: Que Corporation), 1995 Reiner, Diane & Keith Blanton. Person to person on the Internet (London: Academic Press Limited), 1997. Reuters, AP. "Victims of Net stalkers cry for help", The Straits Times (world), March 30th 2000, p 6. Sia, Cheong Yew. "What is your child up to in cyberspace?" http://web3.asia1.com.sg/archive/st/1/opin/opin2_0428.html Tapscott, D. Growing up digital: The rise of the net generation (New York: Mc Graw-Hill), 1997. Weiss, Ann E. Virtual Reality: A door to cyberspace (Canada: Fitzhenry & Whiteside Ltd), 1996. Whittle, David B. Cyberspace: The Human Dimension (New York: WH Freeman & Co), 1996. Wong, Karen. "Jail for chatline pimp", The Straits Times (prime news), March 23rd 2000, p 2. In Defense of Chatrooms Essay -- Technology Internet Computers Papers In Defense of Chatrooms With the advent of the Internet, fewer people are using the telephone or postal system as media of interactive communication exchanges due to their specific uses and limitations. While the former does not allow one to chat with several others from all over the world simultaneously and at a reasonable cost, the latter is handicapped by its time-consuming nature. Replacing the two mediums is a fast and rising newcomer, chatrooms, which offer an unprecedented opportunity to interact effectively, cheaply and widely, with multiple individuals at a time and in faraway places too. Chatrooms are definitely not meant as a utopia and in fact, they can be a serious menace when people exploit them through verbal, psychological abuse or worse, physical abuse. Despite the dangers which can be minimized through self-discipline and parental guidance, chatrooms are suitable places for developing the self socially, mentally and culturally, as well as shaping the character traits of the self. Being social creatures, "we are born into social environments (to) discover and explore the world through social discourse, (to) come to know ourselves through interpersonal experience" (Leitenberg, 325). Such basic requirements are met when one chats online by typing rather than by talking, for example, through Internet Relay Chat (IRC), which attracts people from "Finland, Australia, South Africa, Italy, the Netherlands, Austria, Iceland... and that is only a sampling of some of the geographical areas represented on the Net" (Reiner & Blanton, xvi). The diversity in the nationalities, ages, occupations and personalities of IRC users tends to give the self a global orientation since one is able to navigate to other countries an... ...Harold. Handbook of social and evaluation anxiety (New York: Plenum Press), 1990 Pyra, Marianne. Using Internet Relay Chat (USA: Que Corporation), 1995 Reiner, Diane & Keith Blanton. Person to person on the Internet (London: Academic Press Limited), 1997. Reuters, AP. "Victims of Net stalkers cry for help", The Straits Times (world), March 30th 2000, p 6. Sia, Cheong Yew. "What is your child up to in cyberspace?" http://web3.asia1.com.sg/archive/st/1/opin/opin2_0428.html Tapscott, D. Growing up digital: The rise of the net generation (New York: Mc Graw-Hill), 1997. Weiss, Ann E. Virtual Reality: A door to cyberspace (Canada: Fitzhenry & Whiteside Ltd), 1996. Whittle, David B. Cyberspace: The Human Dimension (New York: WH Freeman & Co), 1996. Wong, Karen. "Jail for chatline pimp", The Straits Times (prime news), March 23rd 2000, p 2.

The Future of Computer Programming :: Essays Papers

The Future of Computer Programming Computers are probably the most important invention of this century if not of all time. Right now people use computers for just about everything in the world and they are becoming a necessity in peoples’ lives just as many other new technologies. To say you cannot use a computer this day and age is almost like saying you are illiterate. In order for computers to function and be accessible to people there must be applications or instructions for the computer. In order to make these applications one must write them by programming in a certain computer language. These languages are usually somewhat hard to learn and many people shy away from them. As technology has progressed there has been the development of new and easier programming languages but it is still hard for children and others without much computer experience to learn. Since there is this dilemma in the world today, the many computer scientists and computer experts have come together to discuss new ways of approachin g the problem. One solution to this problem was the development of visual languages such as Visual C++ and Visual Basic. There also new languages being developed and improved on such as XML and Ruby. Many other languages are being developed at this moment and someday there will be languages simple enough for everyone to use. The first form of programming appeared about the same time as the invention of one of the first computers in 1942, known as the ENIAC. Programming for this was very tedious and required the setting of switches and rewiring of wires. Programming for this computer progressed after some time but took a major turn in 1957 when the first of the many major languages came about known as FORTRAN. FORTRAN was good at scientific programming, but it had no help on the business world. In 1959 a new language called COBOL came about and it became known as the programming language for businesses. In 1958 a language was developed that would have a huge effect on the programming industry. A scientific committee came up with the Algol language which led to creation of the popular languages we have today like C, C++, Java, and Pascal. In 1964 one of the first attempts at making a language for non-computer science people was developed by John Kemeny and Thomas Kurtz called BASIC. In 1972 C was created b y Dennis Ritchie and probably has had the biggest effect on computer of all the languages.

Digital Bangladesh Essay

Introduction: digital Bangladesh is a new world, a new concept, a new dream. Bangladesh is now resounding with the aim of achieving digital Bangladesh. Our present prime minister, Sheikh Hasina, in their election manifesto of 2008 declared to build up Bangladesh as a digital one by 2021. Since then this concept has become almost a lip-word with the people of Bangladesh. Meaning of digital Bangladesh: our life today is governed by the offshoots of science. Science has ushered in new era in the history of human civilization. Computer invention is the most determining factor in the respect. It has brought about a revolutionary change on the face of the global world. This change has been possible through the information technology (it) based on computer-internet system. The micro-electronic system through which all sorts of information are collected. Assimilated, preserved, processed and transmitted is known as â€Å"information technology†. This information technology or computer & internet based Bangladesh is called a digital Bangladesh. Necessity in Bangladesh: ours is a developing country. We a achieved independence in 1971 after a bloody liberation war. Science then began the campaign of building up the war-shattered Bangladesh as a Bangla of gold. But it is a matter of great sorrow that we have not been able to cross just the stage of a developing country even after the lapse of a long period of 38 years of liberation. No expected development has yet been achieved. The main causes are: laziness, lack of morality, tendency to make more talks than work, lack of tendency to go ahead with the advanced technology etc. The gradual connection of the digital system in all the activities of Bangladesh, if possible, may give birth to a digital Bangladesh. This perspective plan can be brought into reality only when the important places of the country can be brought under control by setting us CCTV camera based on the computer-election campaign through video conferences as a part of her dream of building up digital Bangladesh. We can apply digital system in the following sectors of our national life. Educational sector: education is the backbo ne of a nation. So we must put our first priority on education sector with a view to establishing a digital Bangladesh. We can make video of teacher’s lectures of speeches and display them on the white screens before the learner. Read more: Essay on Liberation War of Bangladesh A learner can receive education sitting in his house. Medical sector: medical facilities are one of the basic needs of human beings. Modern science has given birth to a new  world in the field of medical treatment. If the internet connection can be spread widely, a patient can receive prescription of medicine without appearing before a physician by paying offers through online banking system. Agricultural sector: ours is an ago-based country. More than 80% of the people of our country are dependent on agriculture for their livelihood. But they are ignorant of the more method of cultivation whereas the developed countries of the world have championed in this fields by using the boons of mechanized method of cultivation. Administrative sector: most of the offices of our country are extremely sluggish in work and life in wait for taking bribes by holding up work days after days. We can make the administration dynamic, work-oriented and free from corruption by setting up CCTV camera th rough computer-internet system. Security sector: security is a must in every sphere of our national life. No national can expect to advance without having a well-founded security system. It can be made possible by setting up CCTV camera through computer internet system. This system will help us detect the miscreant event after ling period of their occurrence of mischief’s. Buying and selling sector: buying and selling are our every-days matter. Everyday we go to markets or shopping malls to make purchase of different essential things of our daily life. If the computer network can be spread widely, we shall be able to make our necessary purchases by staying in our house. Not only in the native land, can it be extended even to the foreign countries by making payments through credit cards. Communication sector: â€Å"transport is civilization† –goes a wise saying. It is not possible to make all round development without having a good and dynamic communication system in the country. At present, many a thing of communication affairs is Bering controlled through computer-internet system. We can also bring the whole country within the reach of our hands through this system. Publication sector: we cannot think of publication books today without the help of computer network. The computer system has already been introduced in our publication industry. Earlier, the booed which took at least two months to be published, now that blood can be published within two days. Newspaper sector: computer network is now being used in publishing newspapers on a large scale. Now a newspaper is being published in different regions of the country simultaneously. So newspapers are no more sent to Chittagong, khulna, Rajshahi or sleet from  Dhaka by transport. Especially tins system is being followed in case of first call news papers. Recreation sector: recreation sources are badly needed for the modern mechanized hard-field of recreation. We can enjoy different sorts of amusements including different games and film shows. We can now know the results of the games which are going on overseas within a moment through internet. Banking sector: computer network has given a new impetus in the banking sector. It has made banking sector mere dynamic than ever before. Online system has already been introduced in many banking institutions. Now we no more nee d carry cash money with us to the remotest regions of the country. If this system can be introduced in all banking institutions in our country, Bangladesh will be able to step into a digital one. Setting up online information center: the information services of different public and private sector can be made reach to the door-step of the people by setting up online information centers. Then people will be able to collect different data or information from this information center. Not only that they will be able to know about the final institutional conditions and position. Conclusion: it is said â€Å"hope springs eternal in the human breast† we also hope that we shall be able to turn our war-shattered country into a digital Bangladesh by bringing about an all round development through all-out efforts of people of a all walks of life. We are very hopeful to learn that the daily Jougantor and the Cambrian college have jointly taken a gigantic to set up digital campus all over the country with the Sklogan.

Compare Egypt and Mesopotamia

Jenny Di Bowler 5th Period AP World History Comparative Essay 07 September 2010 The geography of Egypt and Mesopotamia helped shaped their economies, social structures, and religions. In these two societies, the rivers they depended upon played central roles in all parts of society. The Tigris and Euphrates Rivers surrounding Mesopotamia and the Nile River, in the middle of the desert, produced two polytheistic, ancient civilizations.Although Egypt and Mesopotamia both have similar economies which center on agriculture and include heavy trading, they differ in their religions and social structures because the geographical features in each region altered the people’s beliefs and views. The two civilizations views on religion were also affected by the geography of the area, more specifically the flooding of the two rivers. The Mesopotamians believed in a dark and cruel afterlife where everyone was sentenced to after death, while Egyptians thought that they would be judged by the god of the underworld, Osiris.He would determine if they could pass on to the good afterlife or not. The Mesopotamians view of gods as uncaring was most likely due to capricious nature of their rivers. The direct result of the gods’ capriciousness was said to have lead to the unpredictable flooding. The rulers of Mesopotamia could not claim to be gods or have divine powers because they could not predict or control the floods, while the Egyptian kings were unquestionably divine.The Egyptians had a very fond view of their gods and tried to keep their cycles of life continuing, including the continuation of divine kings, while Mesopotamians feared their gods and did everything possible to gratify them. The consistent cycle of floods in the Nile brought bountiful harvests. Rebirth occurred all around them and the Egyptians trusted in this cycle. They put a lot of effort in order to ensure â€Å"rebirth† and went through many rituals, such as mummification, in order to pre serve their bodies for the afterlife.They also trusted and provided for their gods so that the floods would continue to bring them with bountiful crops and wealth. The Mesopotamians did not trust their gods, but relied on meeting all of their needs so as to not anger them and cause ruin to their landscape. Egypt’s location was quite isolated and guarded due to its surrounding deserts, while Mesopotamia was open to invaders due to its flat plains. Warriors were important and therefore high on the social ladder due to Mesopotamia’s vulnerable location. On top of the warriors in the social structure were the priest and kings, while underneath was everybody else.The priests stayed in control of the population and on top by threatening death. The fear of death was prevalent because the religious belief of the time concerned a dark, dreary, underworld that people went for eternity once they were dead. Mesopotamia’s rulers were not gods, whereas Egypt’s society was led by pharaohs claimed to be gods on earth, in fact the sons of the sun god Re and incarnations of Horus. They were the centers of the Egyptian state and could determine whether or not the people of Egypt would go to the good afterlife or the bad.The pharaoh also ensured the fortune and well-being of the state by predicting when the floods would come. Therefore the lower classes of peasants and artisans all looked to please and obey their rulers. Both h The economies of the two different civilizations were very similar because they both depended heavily on agriculture. Both were centered on rivers. Theses rivers would flood and provide fertile silt for the crops to grow on, however each region did not always have all the resources necessary. Because of that, trade was also very vital and played an important role in the economy.In Mesopotamia, the land surrounding the urban centers would all be irrigated and taken care of by farmers. They would plant crops (wheat and barley flou rished here) and all the surplus would go to those inside the cities who were artisans, officials, etc. In Egypt, most people were farmers. They planted things like lettuce, wheat, barley, dates, grapes, melons and cucumbers. The two societies also relied on trade. Mesopotamia did not have many natural metals. They traded barley, vegetable oils and textiles in return for metals, timber and stone. Egypt did much trading with its southern counterparts.Egypt traded with Nubia for gold and precious stones, but was more interested in conquering lands in order to gain access to resources. In the second millennium BCE Egyptians invaded Nubia and took control over its gold fields. If these two civilizations had been in any other region in the world, their religion, social structure and economy would differ from what they were. The behavior of the rivers and land features of Mesopotamia and Egypt caused the differences in religion and social structure, while the presence of the rivers that b rought fertile silt to the croplands and lack of certain resources are what made the economies so similar.

Media Studies – make a music video

For our coursework we decided to make a music video, based on our original idea of a â€Å"Jackass† style programme. Jackass is a programme of various dangerous and stupid stunts, which are all a bit different. We decided against this idea as it restricted our power to change it into an original concept. We decided to make a music video using a punk song, as these have a very broad band of what can be included. We started by making a song in the style of a well known band, Blink 182, but we changed it to incorporate our life at college. We are loosely basing it on a theme of our college life but at the different extremes. We are using what Levi Strauss called Binary Opposites, these are extreme opposites, for example a bad guy being ugly and a good guy being extremely attractive. We are using the Binary opposites of maturity and immaturity, which is a basic college idea, the mature students that do their work and the immature students that joke about and don't take things seriously. We thought of things that would be included in a punk music video, we had the idea of the band rehearsing in a music room and being very professional about it and then came up with the opposite which is practicing in the refectory and playing random objects rather than proper instruments. Another idea we had is spending time leisurely we had the idea of a group of people sitting around playing cards with the comparison of them all running around like mad brandishing water-guns and having a play fight. The next one is also a leisurely activity, playing foosball at the table in the refectory comparing it to doing reckless skating and crashing into each other. We then thought back to the programme Jackass and one of their famous sketches is the presenters being pushed around in a shopping trolley. We thought of using this but needed a binary opposite to go in it so we thought of having someone pushing the trolley quite normally with shopping in it. Also just walking around college, the band walking down a corridor and turning around a corner with them running down the corridor in the underpants and running into the girls toilet. These give off a lot of ideas of the maturity and immaturity of college. We thought of using the phrase that we had heard a lot from the show South Park, whenever there is drugs or alcohol involved, one of the characters, Chef always says â€Å"There is a time and a place for everything, and it's called college!† and thought that we could relate this to the video. Another idea we had was using the Kuleshov Effect, where we would take shots of random things such as people talking chilling out and people running around like mad and pulling faces. The themes we are using are Jackass, The Teenage years and a parody effect of Blink 182 videos. We are also going to have parts of temporal disorder in the video, using the video effects on my camcorder, this will give the impression the person watching is on drugs because the song is related to this, although we will show no shots of drugs or anybody taking drugs as this would be to suggestive, we are only giving hints of teenage life but not actually showing all angles. There is no actual storyline to have a linear narrative to the video, its more random as this is what college is like despite being a regulated day, anything can happen! The idea of using teenage life although is very common is so broad that we can change it to our own tastes and use our own characters in it. The whole video is supposed to be a joke filled, fun and non-serious which is the whole idea of punk rock, a lot of songs are just parodies. We are also going to have lots of shots of the band so people can see them and know who is playing. Bands do this so they can see who is performing and identify with them and decide who is their favourite. Sometimes they can pretend to play roles which can lead on to a narrative in the video, taking for example, Sum 41 in their â€Å"In Too Deep† video they have the lay about band, with the jocks fighting against each other in a diving contest, we want the band to win which is made in a binary opposite the baddies are made to be Speedo wearing narcissists and the band wearing any old shorts and not particularly full of themselves. This is the kind of effect we want to achieve with binary opposites.

Antibiotic Sensitivity Lab

Antibiotic Sensitivity lab A. Define the term selectively toxic. Why is it an important feature of antimicrobial agents? Selective toxicity is the ability of a chemical or drug to kill a microorganism without harming its host. Selective toxicity is important to microbial agents because it enables these agents to inhibit or kill a microorganism by interacting with microbial functions or structures different from those of the host thereby showing little or no effect to the host. B. What are broad and narrow spectrum antimicrobials? What are the pros and cons of each?Broad spectrum antimicrobials are drugs that are effective against a wide variety of both gram positive and gram negative bacteria. Narrow spectrum antimicrobials are effective only against gram negative bacteria. Pros and cons of each: Narrow spectrum microbial is normally better to use because they cause less damage to the body's normal flora. They are less likely to cause drugs resistant strains of microorganisms because they are specific in nature and are less likely to cause super infection by opportunistic microorganisms like yeast infections.The main disadvantages are that Narrow spectrum microbial sometimes is more prone to allergic reaction to the host. Broad spectrum antimicrobials on the other hand also have their own advantages in that they are able to deal with more than one kind of bacteria and as such one does not have to use drugs indiscriminately reducing chances of allergic reactions and drug toxicity. The main disadvantage is that they cause more harm to the body's normal flora. C. What is direct selection? Direct selection is the selection of antibiotic-resistant normal floras in an individual whenever this individual is given an antibiotic.This process is normally accelerated significantly by either improper use or the overuse of antibiotics. D. What is the difference between an antibiotic and an antimicrobial chemical? Antibiotics are substances that are produced as metabolic pro ducts of one Microorganism which are able to inhibit or kill other microorganisms. Antimicrobial chemicals are chemicals that are synthesized in a laboratory and can be used therapeutically on microorganisms. E. What is the mode of action for each of the following: a. acitracin: works by inhibiting peptidoglycan synthesis in actively dividing bacteria which normally results in osmotic lysis. b. nystatin: exerts its antifungal activity by binding to ergosterol found in fungal cell membranes. Binding to ergosterol causes the formation of pores in the membrane. Potassium and other cellular constituents leak from the pores causing cell death. c. tetracycline: exert their bacteriostatic effect by inhibiting protein synthesis in bacteria. This antibiotic prevents transfer-RNA (tRNA) molecules from binding to the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. . ciprofloxin: Contains agents that inhibit one or more enzymes in the DNA synthesis pathway F. Describe three mechanisms by which microbes mig ht become resistant to the action of an antimicrobial drug? Microbes may become resistant by producing enzymes that will detoxify or inactivate the antibiotic such as penicillinase and other beta-lactamases. Microbes may also alter the target site in the bacterium to reduce or block binding of the antibiotic in the process producing a slightly altered ribosomal subunit that still functions but to which the drug can't bind.Microbes may also prevent the transport of the antimicrobial agent into the bacterium thereby producing an altered cytoplasmic membrane or outer membrane. G. Why do you think neglecting to finish a prescribed course of antibiotics might contribute to the rise of antibiotic resistance? If you don't finish the medication, all the bacteria causing the infection may not be killed. Then, the infection could come back in that same place or even show up somewhere else. When the bacteria are undertreated, some of them may have enough time to have these mistakes occur in th eir DNA.Then, when they multiply, you get a bunch of bacteria that no longer respond to the antibiotics. H. What is a tube dilution test? How is it used to determine susceptibility? Tube dilution test is one of the tests that can be used to tell which antimicrobial agent is most likely to combat a specific pathogen. This test is conducted by preparing a series of culture tubes where each tube contains a liquid medium and a different concentration of an antimicrobial agent. These tubes are then inoculated with the test organism and then incubated. After the incubation they are examined for growth.I. Define the following: a. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC): this is the lowest concentration of antimicrobial agent that is capable of preventing growth of the organism undergoing the tube dilution test b. Zone of Inhibition: this is the area surrounding the high potency disk of a chemotherapeutic agent where growth is inhibited in an agar diffusion test. J. What were the results of the Kirby-Bauer test for S. epidermidis? S. epidermidis was sensitive to Novobiacin S. epidermidis was resistant to Penicillin S. epidermidis was intermediate in the case of Gentamicin

Personal Essay

The negative is so easy to dwell on for most people, but here's what I remember err most from the situations that Eve been put through because of my mom's habit of fleeing. I remember going to work with my dad, so that we could both make what little money we could to put food on the table. Remember the good laughs we had when we would be able to get a frozen pizza, or a gallon of milk and eat like kings. I remember being strong. I know that when I'm in a place of need, my father would kill to make it better, and although we ere struggling to afford everyday needs, I knew that if kept a smile, my dad would keep one too.Through learning that had to do everything that I could in order to keep my mind away from the negative as well as keep my body moving to support me and m y dad, tried my very best in school. There were times when I couldn't make it through a day b cause Of pure exhaustion but I had to keep moving in order to strengthen the bonds of not only me and my dad, but all of my friends and teachers that supported me through this rough attach in my life.My family means everything to me, and those values run deeper than anything g know. Never did turn my back on someone just because they made a mistake. This was the last time my mom ever left me, and she has come back since and has done every hinge to work with me to strengthen our con injection again. She didn't need to do any of this. She has left and came back quite a few times through my life, and although this was the w resort, would not turn my back on family.No matter how devastated I was during the incident, I love, I quickly let my mother back into my life, and do not regret that by any means. TomorroWs a new day in life. When the sun comes out, I know that its time t 0 work. I have found true meaning to forgive and forget, and make the best of whatever RL am given. Fight and strive for a better life, and if everything goes well, I'll become a Bette r man. A man who is not dragged down by anything, big or small, but still has the heart and dedication to work hard and never stagger my beliefs or values. Personal Essay Personal Responsibility Essay Terriers Howard Gender September 12. 2013 Kate Though Furthering your education can be a encouraging and discouraging decision; really when you have everyday life situations and experiences. Today's average adult is working, taking care of children, and also dealing with unexpected life events and with all those things going on they continue to strive for success. Continuing education on top of all those responsibilities can add great stress, but It can be accomplished.Myself has seen my mother raise children, work, and continue education. Her advice to me was to accomplish success in life with goal settings, vision, and mental preparation. Collegial (2004-2007), â€Å"Goal setting is the process of deciding on something you want, planning how to get it, and then working towards the objective†. The way to attain long term goals Is to to set short term goals first, which are more attainable In smaller steps.Short term goals are Like stepping stones they are designed In smaller moderation to obtain the bigger picture, which is to accomplish the long term goal, which will lead to greater success. A person can set to achieve a short term goal within a short period of time from one day until one week, or even six months whether than a long term goal which can take years. You can see short term progression much greater than long term every time you accomplish a short term goal, a pat on the back Is in demand, and means that you are one step closer to your long term goal.The funny thing about goal setting Is that you should always set long term goals first to give yourself a window, and to place goals in order of importance. You should always set long and short term meaningful goals Goal eating also involves maintaining specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and time targeted goals to become attainable. Discouragement will come along, but time management and goal setting will give you an outlook on your lives plan. Life is a l esson within Itself you have to start somewhere to end up somewhere.Vision meaning the act or power of anticipating that which will or may come. Vision Is another technique required to become successful at furthering your education. Vision is an outlook that one has for themselves to see the future a pictures of Seibel future based plans which can be perceived mentally during dreams or life images. Vision is needed to stay focused and on track to become successful, and also the foundation for success, one must have vision to know there place In life or what attain the perceived images and dreams.Vision is also needed to remain determined when life's unexpected events arouse you can always go into your subconscious thoughts and remember your vision you have for yourself to continue your successful journey. Mental preparation is another technique helpful and needed to have a successful education experience. Mental preparation is very important for an adult who is continuing education, working , being a parent, and a spouse to help keep ones sanity and to accomplish having academic needs met.Mental preparation can help one cope better with stress, the ability to separate, but not completely forget about life stresses. Practicing on how to focus on keeping what is important together at that present time. To prepare yourself for furthering education you have to put yourself on the top of list as number one proper rest, exercise, good eating habits re needed to stay healthy and have adequate mental awareness and energy to deal with the extra meal on your plate.Good study habits and ample study time is needed to be successful in your furthering education, completing assignments early not waiting until the last minute to turn them in, which can lead to a major stresses. You have to make scheduled school days less stressful plan other activities on other day if possible, doing so will enhance your education, this will give you confidence, control, and mental energy in doing such strategies will lead to better education experience.Personal responsibility is being accountable for your own decisions and actions, and having self respect for yourself and others to become successful. Having to maintain personal life, being in the work force, and continuing education can all be a bit much, but is attainable with determination, patience , support, and focus to become successful. All one needs is to have a vision of lives path, set goals to attain the vision â€Å"road blocks don't mean failure, repeating goals make it stick† (The Numerous foundation, 1995-2013). Also mental preparation to make the furthering education experience much easier.

Whey protein Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Whey protein - Essay Example Along this line, whey protein product is marketed as a nutritional dietary supplement, such as for bodybuilding enthusiasts to build muscle mass quickly without any inherent side effects. Actually, whey protein is a general term for variety of proteins found in whey, such as beta-lactoglobulin, alpha-lactalbumin, lactoferrin, bovine serum albumin, immunoglobulins, lactoperoxidase and other protein enzymes (Ward 9). The presence of these proteins in whey make it an ideal supplement because they are not complex proteins, easily absorbed by ingestion and helps in muscle buildup (Onwulata & Huth 385). There are many intrinsic benefits in taking whey protein supplements, such as amino acids which help promote muscle growth and development, stimulate and promote the bodys resistance to inflammation (which is a cause of many diseases, such as cancer), as alternative supplementary treatment for a wide variety of ailments, promote colon health, improve heart or cardiac function, speed up muscle formation and overall, improve physiological functions. Because of its health-giving properties, whey protein is added to a good number of products like medical food, high-protein beverage, baby food, infant formula, confectionery and meat. Among the various brands out in the market today, Whey Protein by Optimum is the best because it is concentrated to almost pure whey form, in terms of its protein isolates. The protein content of whey in Optimum has been increased from a unique manufacturing process in order to get the best value for money in terms of protein concentration by weight. Whey is available in its three basic forms, which are as whey protein concentrate (WPC), whey protein isolate (WPI) and whey protein hydrolysate (WPH). Whey Protein by Optimum is thought by most medical experts and health enthusiasts as the gold standard in whey protein concentrate. Whey is high-quality protein and Optimum is the best brand there is