A Green History of the World by Clive Pointing Essay

A Green History of the World by Clive Pointing A Green History of the World has been very educational reading and has given me a new prospective on the environment. While I do disagree with some of Clive Pointing’s views I have learned a lot from his work. A Green History of the World was a very in-depth look at the past and the future of our environment. Pointing raised my consciousness regarding the trials we face as inhabitants of this great planet and left me with some food for thought. After reading Chapter One I found myself entranced by the mystery of Easter Island and excited about the information A Green History of the World had to offer. I had virtually no understanding of Easter Island nor could I remember every being†¦show more content†¦The Easter Island Home Page is full of fascinating information regarding everything from the discovery of Easter Island to modern day life on the island. Though there are many theories about Easter Island, in my opinion no one really knows exactly what happened there. It seems to me that the more factual data we discovered the more questions we create. I found it interesting that in a recent archeological discovery they found that porpoises made up a large portion of the early inhabitants diet, which means that they would have had to have had some sort of â€Å"sea worthy† vessel in which to hunt this animal. Remembering that when Easter Island was discovered the only boats that were found were three sm all canoes (that were not sea worthy), they must have been previously equipped with lager boats in order to hunt the porpoises. Another theory that I found particularly entertaining was that extraterrestrial beings inhabited the island and were responsible for the statues and their placement. Though I do not agree with all of the theories that I read, I am still intrigued by Easter Island and after looking at the pictures of the Island on the Internet I would like to travel there in the future. Easter Island is located off the coast of Chile and it cost approximately $800.00 to fly there round trip from Chile, but what an experience it would be. Throughout theShow MoreRelatedEssay about What is World History?4758 Words   |  20 PagesWhat is world history? Bruce Mazlish contends that world history, as opposed to global history, is the study of systemic processes of interaction among diverse peoples, best typified by the work of William H. McNeill. By contrast, global history is the history of globalization, a process that Mazlish argues did not begin to occur on a significant scale until at least the 1950s, and, more plausibly, the 1970s. Citing prominent economic historians, Nicholas Kristof asserts that globalizationRead MoreEssay about Culture and the Environment on Easter Island and Tikopia2587 Words   |  11 Pagespp 9 of handout, 2000). Ehrlich argues that the size and geography of a region, its climate, the availability of resources - the macroevolutionary forces - will have an enormous effects on the cultures that develop there. Ehrlich continues by pointing out that cultures do not only develop as simple, predictable reflections of their environments. The influences do not only run in one direction; cultural beliefs and practices may lead to large-scale environmental changes made by a society. The cultureRead MoreGeorge Orwell23689 Words   |  95 Pagesprivate life. On the other hand, if one of them succeeds in blowing me to pieces with a well-placed bomb, he will never sleep any the worse for it. He is serving his country, which has the power to absolve him from evil. One cannot see the modern world as it is unless one recognizes the overwhelming strength of patriotism, national loyalty. In certain circumstances it can break down, at certain levels of civilization it does not exist, but as a positive force there is nothing to set beside it. ChristianityRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is a n Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesBrier, and Roy Rosenzweig Also in this series: Paula Hamilton and Linda Shopes, eds., Oral History and Public Memories Tiffany Ruby Patterson, Zora Neale Hurston and a History of Southern Life Lisa M. Fine, The Story of Reo Joe: Work, Kin, and Community in Autotown, U.S.A. Van Gosse and Richard Moser, eds., The World the Sixties Made: Politics and Culture in Recent America Joanne Meyerowitz, ed., History and September 11th John McMillian and Paul Buhle, eds., The New Left Revisited David MRead MoreHuman Resources Management150900 Words   |  604 PagesStrategic Human Resource Planning 43 The culture of an organization is seen in the norms of expected behaviors, values, philosophies, rituals, and symbols used by its employees. Culture evolves over a period of time. Only if an organization has a history in which people have shared experiences for years does a culture stabilize. A relatively new firm, such as a business existing for less than two years, probably has not developed a stabilized culture. Managers must consider the culture of the organization

Qantas International Analysis of the External Environment

Qantas International faces both direct and indirect competition, in a highly competitive, global marketplace. Direct competitors to Qantas International are those airlines that market full service international air travel, and the primary direct competitors identified in this market are Emirates and Singapore Airways. Indirect competition in the marketplace comes from low cost airlines, and the main competitor in this market is Virgin Australia, which is jointly owned by Air New Zealand, Singapore Airways. Market Analysis International passenger traffic to and from Australia in December 2103 was carried by forty-eight international airlines that were in operation in that month, offering seats to over three million passengers. The number†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Employers have no statutory obligation to consult with employees. †¢ Employees do not have the right to strike. †¢ In the event of a dispute that cannot be settled between parties there are statutory dispute resolution procedures. (XpertHR, 2014) Ownership Public: 9% State: 91% Market Share 9.61% of Australian International Market (See Figure 2) Direct Competition, Singapore Airways: 1972 Singapore, Changi Airbus A330-300, Airbus A340-500, Airbus A380, Boeing 747-400, Boeing 777-200, Boeing 777-300 Strategy Singapore Airlines have a dual strategy that balances purposes that are traditionally viewed as incompatible opposites. The Harvard Business Review describes this as being â€Å"a premium service provider and a cost leader†, (Heracleous Wirtz, 2010). Combining product differentiation through uncompromising customer focus which â€Å"includes everything that would enhance the travel experience for the customer† (Phong, 2014) and cost leadership â€Å"product leadership does not mean ever-more complex offerings or throwing money at a problem†. In general, Singapore Airlines strategy is about organic growth and enhancement of partnerships with other airlines. However, Singapore is investing its healthy profits in other airlines, such as SilkAir and Virgin Australia both to establish presence in those markets, and to build partners for codeshare arrangements. Singapore Airways maintains low operational costs through outsourcing of support functions, suchSho w MoreRelatedSituational Analysis Of Qantas Airlines Situational Analysis1211 Words   |  5 Pages Situational Analysis This report largely focuses on constructing a situational analysis of Qantas Airlines. An organisations situational analysis refers to an analysis that consists of ascertaining the key factors that will be used as a basis for development of marketing strategy. (Elliot 2014). Situational analysis consists of the environment analysis (both internal and external environment), competitor’s analysis and finally the swot analysis. By analysing those elements statedRead MoreDefending Territory Case Studies Analysis2104 Words   |  9 PagesIBU5COR ASSIGNMENT Defending Territory Case Studies Analysis Submitted by SEEMAB ALAM (17480932) Table of Contents Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...3 External Environment Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..3 General Environment Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...3 Industry environment†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..4 The competitive Environment†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.5 Opportunities and threats†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....6 Internal Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.6 Tangible and Intangible Resources†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreFinancial Analysis : Qantas Airlines1157 Words   |  5 PagesFINANCIAL ANALYSIS SUBMITTED BY: PRIYA BINDRA-12978038 ALISHA DESHAR-13058812 AVTAR SINGH BHANGRA-13032771 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..3 INTRODUCTION†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.4 BUSINESS PERFORMANCE†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..5 COMPETITORS 6 DISCLOSED AND PAID DIVIDENDS 7 OTHER ITEMS 7 FINANCIAL STATEMENT ANALYSIS†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.7 CONCLUSION 13 APPENDIX†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreStrategic Management Essay2627 Words   |  11 Pagesï » ¿Strategic Management Content: 1. Background of Qantas 2. Analysis of Qantas External analysis a. What industry is it? b. General environment analysis c. The industry environment d. Competitive environment e. You now have material about opportunities Internal analysis f. The firm’s resources, tangible and intangible g. Capabilities identification h. Core competency analysis i. Value chain analysis j. Weakness k. Pulling it together l. Current strategies 3. RecommendationRead MoreEssay on Strategic Management on Qantas Airway3090 Words   |  13 PagesQantas Airway Strategic Management BUSM 3125 Group Assignment 2 Jonathon Reid Sindra Hao Ming Lee – S3301727 Table of Content Executive Summary 3 Background Information 4 SWOT Analysis 5 PESTEL Framework Analysis Read MoreEssay on Qantas Case Study5993 Words   |  24 PagesQANTAS CASE ANALYSIS REPORT MARK ANTHONY ANDRIJCICH STUDENT NUMBER – 10513924 MGMT3347 – STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT SEMESTER 2, 2011 TUTORIAL 4 – MONDAYS, 15:00 ROOM BUSN:161 – THE CULLITY TUTORIAL ROOM TUTOR – DOUG MOFFAT INDIVIADUAL CASE ANALYSIS REPORT TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦............................3 EXTERNAL ANALYSIS OF QANTAS†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...4 --Industry --General Environment Analysis --Six General Elements --Demographic --Economic Read MoreQantas Report6570 Words   |  27 PagesTABLE OF CONTENTS Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2 COMPANY BACKGROUND 3 EXTERNAL ANALYSIS 4 REMOTE ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS 5 INDUSTRY ANALYSIS 7 COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS 12 INTERNAL ANALYSIS 13 STRATEGIC GAPS 15 STRATEGIC OPTIONS AVAILABLE 17 RECOMMENDED STRATEGY 21 IMPLEMENTATION PLAN 22 CONCLUSION 23 REFERENCES 24 APPENDIX 1 – Income Statement 25 APPENDIX 2 – Balance Sheet 26 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The passenger airline industry is very mature and competitionRead MoreQantas strategies Analysis4526 Words   |  19 PagesResearch and analysis of company information 5.0 4.0 Considerations of constraints impacting organisational strategy 5.0 3.75 Application of relevant theories of strategy 5.0 3.75 Development of argument and applied critical thought 5.0 4.0 Written communication referencing 5.0 3.25 Total marks /25 18.75 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The report has discussesd and appliesd theoretical concepts and principles of strategic management into analyzing the environment contextRead MoreQantas Marketing3644 Words   |  15 PagesName: Rani Fawzi Ayyad Student ID: 871148 Executive Summary Qantas is one of the oldest airlines in the travel industry established 1920 (Qantas.com.au, 2014) In this report we shall discover the main problems which are faced by the airline in terms of marketing and in competing with other airlines in the airline industry. This assignment will highlight the various micro and macro environmental factors operating in Qantas and how they may act as an opportunity or threat for the company. WeRead MoreMarketing and Qantas2726 Words   |  11 PagesATMS 401 – MARKETING Clay Gervais ASSIGNMENT - QANTAS Youre the reason we fly SUBMISSION DATE: 30-Mar-13 STUDENT NAME: Wassim Hamdan STUDENT ID: 862466 Contents Introduction 3 Marketing Audit, Planning and New Strategy 4 SWOT Analysis 5 Qantas Macro Environment 6 Qantas - Micro Environment 7 Marketing Research and Intelligence 8 Market Segmentation 8 Market Positioning 9 Buyer Behavior 10 Conclusion 11 References 12 Author Biography 12 IntroductionQantas

Essay about The Achievement Of The National Honor Society Essay Example For Students

Essay about The Achievement Of The National Honor Society Essay The National Honor Society is a goal every student dreams of, often from their very first day of high school. I have been hoping for and working towards the opportunity to even write this application since the beginning of last year, and now that it comes time to finally put pen to paper (or finger to key in this case) I find it hard to express what an honor it is to be able to apply to this prestigious society. The National Honor Society sets a standard of achievement every student should strive to attain. This standard demands an aptitude for scholarship, highly capable leadership abilities, strong personal character, and devotion to serving and helping others. I believe I have a high aptitude in each of these four pillars of the National Honor Society. In the area of scholarship I show aptitude through my consistently high grades and rigorous course schedule. In the category of leadership I show great strength because of my ability to communicate effectively and organize a group of people to work towards a common goal. I show strength of character through my interactions with others and my personal standards. Finally, I show a devotion to service to others through my long term dedication to many charitable causes.First, I believe I have a high aptitude for scholarship through my rigorous course schedule and consistently high grades. As a freshmen in high school I did the one thing every teacher tells you not to do when scheduling, I took an all honors course schedule. While this all honors course list was difficult to manage at first, I quickly adapted and learned to work harder and study effectively in order to maintain strong grades. When scheduling time came for sophomore year, I chose to do the same thing and again schedu. .etter for it. Thus, through my long term dedication and hard work for the Miracle League organization it is clear I have a high aptitude for service to others.In conclusion, I have a great aptitude for all four characteristics of the National Honor Society, as described by the four pillars. I show great strength in scholarship through my hard work, difficult course schedule, and involvement in many extracurricular activities. My aptitude for leadership can be seen in my work with Hawk Eye, communication skills, and ability to adept to the ideas of others. In the field of character I show great strength in my adherence and strong belief in my personal values. Finally, I show my dedication to service through my long term involvement with the Miracle League organization. Thus it can be seen I show great aptitude in all four of the pillars of the National Honor Society.

Safety System in Aircraft Automation Essay Example

Safety System in Aircraft Automation Essay What’s flying? The plane at rest takes off, beating the force of gravity, it lifts with the forward thrust beating the air resistance, and it is air-borne and on to its flight destination. This looks very simple. To achieve this condition several safety systems, most of them automated and carefully watched and monitored by the staff on duty and the team of pilots, have to work in tandem and without the slightest fault. Then only the airplane will stay up in the air.   Before trying to understand the latest safety systems in Aircraft Automation, it is necessary to know what actually is flying and what happens to it in the process. When a plane is flying, it is being pulled up and down, backward and forward—all at the same time. There are four different forces acting upon it at the same time. These are (i) weight (ii) lift (iii) thrust and (iv) drag. The weight is the force of gravity that pulls the plane downwards. Lift pushes the plane upward. This force is created by the wings as they cut through the air. The force of ‘drag’ pulls the plane backward, while ‘thrust’ pushes it forward. Thrust is produced by propellers. A plane remains steady in flight because of two important reasons. (i) The thrust from the engine equals the drag force; (ii) The lift made by its wings equals the force of gravity on the plane. Aircrafts and automation: Modern commercial aircraft is computer dominated. The Pilot has very limited manual functions, but this in anyway does not diminish his functional responsibility. On the contrary, his responsibility is more. He needs to be on the alert constantly and take appropriate measures on the basis of chart and data provided by the various automated safety systems installed in the airplanes.   He may not have dull tasks of the good old days. Computers do computations and obtain data for the pilot. But he has to monitor the information on the pilot display and arrive at conclusions about the behavior of the airplane. The data must be to the point, with no unnecessary overloading of information. They must allow the pilot to anticipate correctly. We will write a custom essay sample on Safety System in Aircraft Automation specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Safety System in Aircraft Automation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Safety System in Aircraft Automation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer â€Å"Hybrid systems combine two types of behaviors: how a system evolves over time according to the laws of physics, and how the system evolves according to signals and switches. The combination of these two, referred to as continuous and discrete dynamics, leads to extremely complex behavior. In the case of the aircraft, this means that we can model how the aircraft flies as well as the logic which drives the aircraft automation. Hybrid systems are controlled through the combination of continuous and discrete signals we can directly alter.†(Oishi, Meeko) Commercial aircrafts provide a very good example of hybrid systems. The automation is a complex system and the interaction of complex continuous dynamics needs to be studied seriously. The aircraft behaves like an errant child. When it holds a constant attitude, it behaves in one manner, but the behavior changes when it tries to climb and ascend. But nothing to worry, the aircraft automation systems are designed for such everyday operational eventualities. They have gone through the ultimate test and intense certification processes. But this is a costly process, and the hybrid process answers it with economy and equally brilliant performance. With the hybrid control, the airplane will behave like an obedient child, and it will never leave the safe place. . â€Å"The result is quite powerful a complex system, subject to real-life errors and limitations, is mathematically guaranteed to be safe in the face of those errors and limitations.†(Oishi,Meeko) All safety systems in an airplane are interlinked. You can’t have one safe system and another not-so safe system.   Most of the functions are done thorough automation, like holding on to a constant altitude, the constant rate descent, smooth touchdown on the runway. Even though the main part is done through automation, pilot is actively involved in these processes. He is aware what he can expect from automation, his mental mode works with certainty, he is exactly aware of his position, and accurate data is made available to him in the cockpit interface. With these automation facilities, the pilot will not be taken by surprise in auto landings. The ultimate goal is to achieve fail-safe operation, which is paramount to the aircraft industry. That is the assurance required by the customers and any lapse on this parties is not tolerated by the traveling public. .So, guide the Pilot to control the error is the supreme function of safety systems in aircraft automation. The issues involved for causing the error may be many, like Culture, Environment, Terrain, Fatigue, etc. The automation systems help the pilots to create situational awareness. Their critical importance is all the more because pilot error related accidents are up to 80%. Aviation devices are the effects the preventive techniques. Pilots implement them to avoid risks. So, the interface between human and machine intelligence in aviation is an ongoing game. Automation needs to win in this competition, because there lays the victory of the Pilot and the related personnel that makes the air travel possible and safe for the passengers. Using of an automation system does not mean that it is a free license for the Pilot to press the buttons and sit quiet. Alertness of the Pilot and other managing staff related to the aircraft gets priority over automation indicators. The Pilot’s judgment is the first alert; it needs to be trusted implicitly. In case of unfortunate mishaps, the Pilot will have to stand in the witness box before the Court of Enquiry, the automation systems are just the mute witnesses. They may be condemned, but the Pilot will be punished.   The automation systems need to be given the importance and respect that they deserve; nothing more, nothing less. Under-reliance or over-reliance on automotive systems must be avoided. The skills of the Pilot are more important than the automation itself. Let them always remain sharp and never relax for even seconds. The accidents occur within a matter of split-seconds. Using sixth sense and judgment appropriate to the occasion, is a magical quality. It is acquired by experience a fine sense of anticipation and expertise appropriate to the occasion. The Pilot needs to use his intuitive power to ‘veto’ the suggestions and indicators of automation. The Pilot needs to be a hard and intelligent taskmaster to get the best out of the tools of automation. Technically one may be a Pilot, but actually he needs to be a â€Å"Professor’ as well. Apart from the advancement in aviation technology, he must constantly update himself in related case studies of unfortunate air-mishaps, save-you techniques, analyze the error-situations, build the knowledge base, increase the level f confidence, and sharpen the skills. Learn the lifesaving tips and procedures, because the Pilot is directly responsible for saving the passengers and members of the crew from the moment of take-off till the point of landing. The other name for every automation system in the aircraft is safety system, to mention a few are,   vertical speed value, auto flight director system, flight path control, radio altitude, primary flight display, flight simulator training, aural alert, flight path parameters, aircraft flight operations, flight mode annunciation, vertical speed mode, wind sheer conditions, auto throttle systems, unsafe actions, flight management system, lateral navigation, crew errors, crew resource management, aircraft flight path, mode control panel, aircraft stall and flight operations managers. It is often said that the judgment of the human being is final over automation. It is not correct to say that automation is perfect, it is a reliable aide. But reliance is needs to be used with discretion. â€Å"†¦..the final authority for decision and action may be traded flexibly and dynamically between humans and automation, and that there can be cases in which automation may be given the final authority for ensuring the safety of a system.† (Inagaki, Toshiyuki) Human-centered automation is the demand of the modern technologically advanced system. What will be human life without automation is too difficult to imagine. Human being is first among the equals—that is the position and importance of automation now. The power exercised by automation is so much that the interaction is highly complicated. It is the tough bargain between the two, and therefore, authority-designing and sharing is a difficult   but inevitable task. A practical example of safety system in aircraft automation: An important example of the authority sharing between the Pilot and automation is the Cockpit Task Management (CTM) The Pilot has to perform many functions simultaneously for safe and efficient flying in a modern aircraft. Statistics relating to air crashes reveal that pilot error is responsible for about 65% of such incidents. Of them, significant errors relate to undertaking cockpit tasks. â€Å"The cockpit is an environment, in which potentially many important tasks compete for pilot attention at any given time. Cockpit Task Management (CTM) is the process by which pilots selectively attend to tasks in such a way as to achieve the mission goal. It determines which of perhaps many concurrent tasks the pilot(s) attend to at any particular point in time. More specifically, CTM entails initiation of new tasks, monitoring of on-going tasks to determine their status; prioritization of tasks based on their importance, status, urgency, and other factors; allocation of human and machine r esources to high priority tasks; interruption and subsequent resumption of lower priority tasks; and termination of tasks that are completed or no longer relevant.† (Funk, Ken)   The findings of a research study conducted by NASA, do not speak well for the automation. On classification of the twenty eight incident reports, from the advanced technology sample and 15 from the traditionally sample, startling results emerged relating to task prioritization errors. The conclusion is obvious. CTM is more challenging and n prone to errors in advanced technology aircraft in comparison to the traditional technology aircraft. Aircraft automation is fine, but it has telling mind-level effects as for the Pilot. Mainly it is the question of budgeting the ‘available time’ with the Pilot, in a given situation. What is equally important is not only the outer mechanism, which is the fruit of automation, but the internal mechanism of the Pilot using the tools of automation. Now the question is how to drive the CTM process to functionally perfect level.   Attention is being diverted to other areas of human personality like sociology, psychology and cognitive science research. Tools of better understanding will have to be rediscovered and proper procedures for their functional application is made aware of. The training to the Pilot needs to be suitably remodeled to make him not only a perfect Aviation Engineer, but also a perfect human being. A balanced human being, who has the capacity to work to perfection, under stressful conditions! Technological advancement is throwing one more serious problem to the safety system in aircraft automation. This time, the challenge is coming from the most unexpected corner. Very Light Jets (VLJ) will come soon, to claim airspace. Will the domestic airspace sufficient to make room for these Jets? From where will the experienced pilots arrive to handle the automaton systems? Jet aircraft weighing 10,000 pounds or less maximum certificated takeoff weight and certificated for single pilot operations. These aircraft will possess at least some of the following features: (1) advanced cockpit automation, such as moving map GPS and multi-function displays; (2) automated engine and systems management; and (3) integrated auto flight, autopilot and flight-guidance systems. (Straight,Bill) And the aircrafts are arriving like an avalanche! In USA, in the next ten years, 4500 additional aircrafts will arrive. Then projection is 300% increase by the year 2025. The burden seems to be too much to handle for the present air traffic control system. Safety systems are going to be tested to the brink. The following Organizations joined together and gave the recommendations in their â€Å"NBAA Training Guidelines for Single Pilot Operations of Very Light Jets and Technically Advanced Aircraft.† NBAA Safety Committee, FAA/Industry Training Standards, Adam Aircraft, Cessna Aircraft Company, Eclipse Aviation, Insurance underwriters, and Training providers This NBAA guideline offers minimum pilot qualifications to include a Private pilot license, multi-engine rating, and instrument rating. Skills and prior knowledge of basic auto flight procedures, basic FMS (Flight Management Systems), and weather radar were also recommended. The need for a mentor pilot is also indicated. Topmost priority is given to the safety system in these aircrafts which have a high degree of automation can be judged from what is further said in the report: â€Å"mentors should be selected from experienced pilots that have ATPs and are type rated in jet aircraft that have technically advanced systems similar to the VLJ in which they will mentor. The prospective mentor needs to be recognized by both the aircraft manufacturer and the insurance underwriter as meeting these criteria. In addition, it is recommended that a training program on the specific aircraft in which they will mentor be completed.†(Straight,Bill) The former and retired airline pilots have a fresh lease of service life. Their fight experience and airline based training gives authenticity to the aspect of safety. The insurance underwriters feel more confident. Safety is the topmost priority in the next wave in aviation. No one concerned is prepared to make any compromise on the issue of automation-related safety. â€Å"The nations air traffic control system is responsible for managing a complex mixture of air traffic from commercial, general, corporate, and military aviation. Despite the strong safety record achieved over the last several decades, the system does suffer occasional serious disruption, often the result of outdated and failed equipment. When equipment failures occur, the safety of passengers and airplanes depends entirely on the skills of controllers and pilots.† (Wickens, Christopher) Conclusion: Automation proposals do raise the concern that automation may compromise the safety system. Any new system should     be such that it should not marginalize the human controller’s ability to take right corrective steps at the right time. Disruptions do not occur always. But when they occur, the alternative remedy provided should be foolproof and must work instantly. The skill of the pilot in times of danger is much more than the ability of all the control systems put together. Automation should lessen the burden of the pilot and certainly not increase his mental pressure. The volume of information is not important for him; the quality of information is!