A Good Enough Parent With An Inadequate Parent Essay

This essay will compare and contrast a good enough parent with an inadequate parent in terms of their relationship with their child. A good enough parent is a term developed by Psychoanalyst Donald Winnicott. Winnicott (1962) believed that a child’s independence into adulthood is developed by their ability to adapt to the external environment. The child’s internal world must be nurtured, and the child’s external world must be supportive and loving. Just as an infant requires a good enough parent, the infant also requires a ‘good-enough’ environment (Derobertis, 2010). According to Winnicott, key aspects of a good enough environment are holding, handling, and object-presenting. These aspects allows the infant to develop a True Self. If these key aspects are not provided, a False Self will develop instead. The False Self arises from a ‘not good enough’ environment, or inadequate parenting. Inadequate parenting can be a result of famil y projection process, delegation, or trauma. These terms will be explained later. Unfortunately, inadequate parenting can lead to insecure parent-infant attachments. John Bowlby’s (1969) attachment theory explains how the intergenerational transmission of relationship patterns across generations impacts a child’s ability to develop into a healthy adult. Bowlby believed that the parent’s mental representation of attachment influences the outcome of the infant-parent relationship. (Fonagy, Steele Steele, 1991). Bowlby believed infantsShow MoreRelatedEssay on Parents Roles in William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet1335 Words   |  6 PagesParents Roles in William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet Romeo and Juliet were set in Verona, where two families are enemies; they are enemies due to an ‘ancient grudge’ which has been powerful enough to keep the two lovers apart. The Montague’s’ son Romeo falls in love with the Capulet’s daughter Juliet. Both Romeo and Juliet come from a society filled with hatred and fighting. Neither of the lovers can confront their parents, as they do not have a close relationship Read MoreChinese Parents and American Parents Essay1654 Words   |  7 PagesChinese parents and American parents differ greatly in their parenting styles and a noticeable difference can be seen in the success of their children. The children of Chinese parents often excel in various areas, including in their educational, musical, and professional lives. The children of American parents, however, usually have a harder time excelling in those areas. Chinese parents and American parents hold opposing philosophies about how they view their children, opposing methods about howRead MoreWhy Chinese Mothers Are Superior By Amy Chua Summary782 Words   |  4 PagesIt is no hidden secret that many Chinese parents reap the bragging rights of well-educated, career driven and disciplined descendants, which is an important factor in todays society; however, such parenting can lead teens to experience psychological effects such as depression and ultimately suicide. Regardless of concerned critics , Amy Chua remains positive on the result of tiger parenting. She believes that this parenting enables her children to be successful and she expects nothing but the bestRead MoreSupporting Arguments for Parent Licensing Essays772 Words   |  4 PagesSupporting Arguments for Parent Licensing In Hugh Lafollette’s paper â€Å"Licensing Parents† he talks about the need for government licensing of parents. His argument states that for any activity that is harmful to others, requires competence, and has a reliable procedure for determining competence, should require licensing by the government. This argument relates to parenting because it can be harmful to children, requires competence to raise children, and we can assume that a reliable procedure canRead MoreSafeguarding Vulnerable Group Act 20061744 Words   |  7 Pagesset of rules to adhere to so they can provide good quality teaching and development. Explain the principles and themes of the EYFS The EYFS contains four sections each of these has a topic behind it. These are in place to make sure that every child is safe and that given the opportunity to meet their potential and feel comfortable in their surroundings. The ideas and concepts gives you knowledge how to provide quality care and work alongside parents, also it can give you guidance on how to set upRead MoreMental State And Development Of The Child1121 Words   |  5 Pages Does mama really know what s best all the time? No parent wants to see their child fail or have uncertainties on if their child is going to succeed. As a parent, it is your paternal nature to be involved in your child s life. Though if parents put aside their intentions and expectations, they will be able to reevaluate whether being over-involved in their child s life is truly doing more harm than good. For the reasons that it leaves the child crippled with dependence, can stunt their emotionalRead MoreChinese Parents Are More Successful Than Western Parents904 Words   |  4 PagesMothers Are Superior.† In this article Chua argues that Chinese parents are more successful than Western parents when it comes to academics and musical talent. In addition, she discusses three differences between the two parental mindsets. First, western parents worry too much about their children’s self-esteem. Second, Chinese parents believe their children owe them everything because they brought them in this world. Third, Chinese parents believe they know what is best for their children. Even thoughRead MoreGraduation Speech : Elementary Crisis857 Words   |  4 Pageslet down to your parents and most of all yourself? My first years of elementary school were very difficult for me because I was a dreadful reader and writer. English has always been a tough class for me. I would cheat on my assignments, essays, and tests. After getting home from school, I would always tell my parents I did not have any homework because I felt like I was letting them down by not finishing my assignments in class. Not only would I lie and cheat, I felt inadequate of all of my workRead MoreEvaluation of Different Artefacts965 Words   |  4 Pagesidentification of corresponding health promotion programs that inform parents. The presentation covers these subjects in a simple, digestible manner equivalent to a basic overview of the subject. It is informative on that level, but would be i nadequate for anything other than a starting point. A practitioner would need to be aware of each of these issues in significantly more detail than is presented in this artefact. It does, however, do a good job of introducing the issues, such as tocophobia, postnatalRead Moreeffects of drug addiction on family886 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ How a parent with a drug or alcohol problem affects the whole family It is well known that a parent with a drug or alcohol problem can have a negative effect on their family members. You could say that the person with the problem is like someone stuck in a bog. The other family members, in their efforts to help, often get pulled down into the bog too. The first step in putting things right is when the others start to get their own feet on solid ground. Only after they have done this will they

Argumentative Essay About Abortion - 1330 Words

Abortion is one of the most debatable and controversial issues that exist today in our society. Abortion is the ending of a pregnancy by removing a fetus or embryo before it can survive outside the uterus. Over 205 million women get pregnant per year worldwide, over a third of those pregnancies are unintended and a fifth end in abortion. Women should be able to get abortions because the procedures are legal; also there are minimal physical side effects, and on the other side of the argument people mainly disagree with abortion because of religious reasons. In 1973, the supreme court case Roe versus Wade opened up a doorway for abortion to become legal. It wasnt just to protect the safety of the womens life. There are multiple reasons†¦show more content†¦In certain states, women are required to have counseling that talks about the link between breast cancer and abortion, a fetus being able to feel pain, and long-term mental effects of the procedure. For minors, 37 states require some type of parental involvement. Just in North Carolina, alone women are required to get counseling and then have a 72 hour waiting period and the parent of a minor must consent before an abortion is provided. There are so many different types of abortions but the two most common types are called in-clinic abortions and the abortion pill (â€Å"Abortion information†). An in-clinic abortion is also called surgical abortions. In-clinic abortions work by using suction to clean out the uterus and end the pregnancy (â€Å"Abortion information†). There are different types of surgical abortions but it just depends on how far along a woman is. The abortion pill is a little bit different but its a safe and effective way to end an early pregnancy (â€Å"Abortion information†). The pill is used by using two different medicines called mifepristone and misoprostol (â€Å"Abortion information†). During pregnancy, the womans body needs a hormone called progesterone. The Mifepristone blocks the body’s owns progesterone. The doctor or nurse will give the female the first pill in-clinic and the second one isShow MoreRelatedArgumentative Essay About Abortion764 Words   |à ‚  4 Pagestheir opinion on if abortion is wrong is based off the opinion of when a person feels that life has begun. Many women who discover that they will be having a baby soon become really happy about the idea. Also, some who get abortions feel that pregnancy is nothing more than an inconvenience. Sometimes this inconvenience is sought to be an issue that can easily be resolved such as adoption or abortion methods. There are also times where conflicting issues create consideration about if the baby shouldRead MoreGraduation Speech : My Career Life Consuming And Stressful Classes I Have Ever Taken1521 Words   |  7 Pagestough time making my sentences flow together easily, my essays sounded choppy. Also, it was obvious when I was stretching my sentences to make an essay the required length; I no longer need to do that, now I must work on shortening my essays. This portfolio contains assignments completed in this composition class. These will all show evidence of improved writing from this first draft to the final copy. Throughout the portfolio, four essays and three inferior writing assignments will be found. EachRead MoreThe Consequences Of The Abortion Pill1160 Words   |  5 Pageskinds of abortions. One is an actual in-clinic abortion where the doctors will physically remove the fetus themselves and the other is an abortion pill. The abortion pill produces two different kinds of medication called mifepristone and misoprostol. These medications stop the flow of progesterone, a hormone a fetus needs to grow. New science studies found out that babies can actually feel the pain of being aborted. I believe the more humane way to do it, if this is true, is to take the abortion pillRead MoreWhat Makes A Successful Argument?927 Words   |  4 Pagesargument? An argumentative essay is similar to any other essay. The writing process may vary, but only slightly to meet the demands of an argument. When writing a convincing argumentative essay, one must first choose a topic and then think about that chosen topic, draft a thesis statement, understand the intended audience, gather evidence, refute opposing arguments, revise the thesis statement, establish credibility, draft the essay, revise the essay, and finally polish the essay. By implementingRead MoreParents Responsibility1022 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction This WebQuest is a follow-up lesson to consolidate what you have learnt about writing an argumentative essay. There are 2 components to this assignment: the Essay component and the Reflection component. Essay Component First, you are to research online on what an argumentative essay is all about, the grammatical features of an argumentative essay and how you should structure your argumentative essays. Secondly, you are to read the articles provided in this WebQuest and you are toRead MoreTheories And Arguments : Inherit The Wind By Jerome Lawrence Robert E. Lee Essay780 Words   |  4 PagesDESIRED RESULTS Unit Title: Theories Arguments – â€Å"Inherit the Wind† by Jerome Lawrence Robert E. Lee Established Goals: Students compose thoughtful, analytical arguments rooted in their own ideologies about religion, science, and the world today. Students develop arguments (not opinions!) about aforementioned themes (i.e. religion, science, power, traditions, professionalism, separation of beliefs and state, etc.). They utilize discussions, debates, current events, and our readings of the playRead MoreEntering The Class, English Comp914 Words   |  4 Pageslearned in the past about writing. In August, our first day in the college class, Mrs. Garth talked with the class about what this semester was going to be like. She spoke to us as college students and not little children. She told us that Comp. was all about writing. As a class, we knew there would be more writing than we were use to, but the very first paper that Mrs. Garth told us to write was unlike any other paper I had ever wrote on my own. We were told to write about our favorite foods,Read MoreAbortion676 Words   |  3 PagesPersuasive/Argumentative Essay Name: Jade T. Samillano Section: U Date: March 20, 2011 â€Å"WHY WOMEN SHOULD NOT HAVE AN ABORTION† What it would be like to die so young and fragile? What it would be like to kill someone so young and fragile? Abortion to my definition is the taking of life. Nowadays more and more teens are getting pregnant and having abortions secretly and easily. Even their parents have no idea about this. AndRead MoreEnglish 111 Evaluation Essay623 Words   |  3 Pagesof writing. This essay will evaluate the English 111 textbooks, essays, self-reflections, the instructor, and what I personally learned. The English 111 textbook had effective sample essays and diagrams of outlines. The Successful College Writing Textbook is the textbook used for the English 111 course. This textbook had great sample essays because they showed useful examples of transition words and phrases. These sample essays also gave a guideline for writing a proper essay. The diagrams in theRead MoreAbortion Argumentative Essay : Abortion934 Words   |  4 PagesJensen English April 29, 2014 Abortion Argumentative Essay On average about 41.6 million unborn children are aborted every year. Abortion is killing an unborn baby and it should be illegal. Abortion is wrong because it supports irresponsibility by parents. It gives the unborn children no choice or opportunity at life. In addition, instead of abortion, parents could put up the child for adoption, benefiting people that cannot have children of their own. Abortion supports irresponsibility by

Managing for sustainability - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1443 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/10/10 Did you like this example? Sustainable Development Map for Vodafone New Zealand Vodafone Group Plc is a telecommunication group, and it is ranked among the few most successful companies in the industry. The company has a significant presence in different continents around the world, including Europe, Asia Pacific, Africa, and the Middle East. Vodafone provides a wide range of services including messaging, messaging, and voice calls across fixed and mobile networks. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Managing for sustainability" essay for you Create order The purpose of Vodafone is to ensure that everybody is connected so that they can live better lives today, and also build a better tomorrow. The company believes that by pursuing this goal responsibly and sustainably, they will be able to create long term value for the whole society, and also for their shareholders (Epstein Buhovac, 2014). This paper will develop a sustainable development map for Vodafone New Zealand, and give recommendations which are based on the research. Vodafone New Zealand was started in the year 1998; it was initially started as a mobile telecommunication provider with approximately 138,000 customers. The company has grown its market share over the last 18 years to about 2.3 million mobile connections; this amounts to approximately 45% of mobile market in New Zealand. On 2013, the company purchased Telstra clear, and become the first company to with a single brand that combined two businesses (Guinee, Heijungs, Huppes, Zamagni, Masoni, Buonamici Rydberg, 2010). The purchase of Telstra clear enabled the company to meet the needs of their customers while are constantly changing. The combination of the two businesses positions Vodafone to grow, compete and innovate, especially in the current world of fiber access. The combination also strengthens their national presence, more so Christchurch. In the year 2006, Vodafone purchased hug, which was the third largest internet services providers in New Zealand (Gibson, Miller, Smith, Bell Crothers, 2013). This enabled the company to be full providers 0of telecommunications services; as a result, they were able to provide different services such as broadband and home phone lines, alongside their mobile products. This was part of their total communication strategy, which has seen them drive innovation and mobile/fixed convergence while aiming at meeting full data communication and voice needs of their customers. The company is dedicated to offer quality and safe services to their customers, they are committed to do the right thing. According to the company, doing the right thing revolves around the environment in which they carry on their activities. It is the place where the corporation operates changes, and as they respond to their stakeholders feedbacks on issues that they find material in their operations (Finnveden, Hauschild, Ekvall, Guinà ©e, Heijungs, Hellweg Suh, 2009). The past few years have been important for Vodafones sector as well as for Vodafone New Zealand. The prices of mobile phones have reduced in past few years, they have decreased significantly, and are even lower than the OECD average. The price of broadband is decreasing continuously. Also, more customers who are requiring more data, content, speed and coverage have increased, this is making the company continue investing more in network and infrastructures, accelerated by competition (Beltrà ¡n, 2013). This pressu re has resulted in the past four years, and have led to the shrinking of the overall revenue of the sector. Communication technology has already become a vital part of human lives; it is assisting transform the services that people rely on, the way people live and the way they work. Since the delivery of services is reliant on it, those people in the society without contact to it are highly underprivileged. It creates a digital division between those who have access to it, and those who do not have access, especially to those in rural areas (Dempsey, Bramley, Power Brown, 2011). The rural areas create a challenge because of the geography and the distance from centers which are major; it is challenging to deliver coverage in such places. New Zealand is a small market, and the company can identify the key stakeholders through monitoring media and public relations, and through recommendations. The main stakeholders include the customers, media, non-governmental organizations, industry, government, community, suppliers, regulators, and employees. The company has many channels for engagement for their stakeholders, and they use it to inform them their materials issues. The surveys, the customers, and the employees regularly on their performance, opinions, satisfaction, and concerns (Singh, 2014). They also survey their suppliers so that they can be able to understand their perspective. Vodafones foundation and sustainability team beyond you survey on employee annually. The survey is meant to gather the opinion of employees on how they feel about the companys tracking on sustainability. Vodafone also engages with the government, interest groups, and the media directly. They engage directly with the members of the communit ies where they want to set up their infrastructure. Since 2003, Vodafone has offered recycling programs for mobile phones known as RE: MOBILE. They have led in New Zealand Telecommunication Forum program of recycling mobile since 2010.   This program offers all people of New Zealand an option in disposing their gadgets, they create environment friendly ecosystem by disposing mobile handsets that they are not using, or are not functional. RE: MOBILE is dedicated to selling and collecting mobile gadgets that are still useful, the program is also dedicated to recycling and deconstructing end of life phones components. Accessories and mobile phones that are unwanted are dropped at bins that have been set up by RE: MOBILE in Vodafone stores (Kresak, Corvington Williamson, 2016). The program is aiming to increase the number of the collected phones per year for reuse and recycling to about 300,000. At the same time, decrease the amount of mobile phones that ends up to landfill by approximately 2 percent, reduce the number of mobile phones and accessories that are kept at homes by approximately 10 percent by the year 2020. Vodafone New Zealands electricity emission is measured and calculated by use of greenhouse gas release factors from the energy quarterly of New Zealand. Apart from electrical energy, the company also have sources of emission included in the calculations are diesel and petrol used by their network, retailer shops, air travel, and offices, all this is provided to them by CWT. Vodafone believes that these are their major backers to their carbon footprint (McLaren, McLaren, 2010). The company is looking at how they will reduce their carbon emission footprint. They have continued their programs of improving network efficiency and data center so that they can achieve an average usage of power efficiency factor of about 1.63 across the data centers in the networks of Vodafone Vodafone has also contributed to the society by offering mentoring services. The Vodafone Foundation picks up children and young people and starts to support and nurture them. The foundation also offers academic mentoring programs for those youths who are at risk, as well as young children and dads. Apart from this, Vodafone engages in ICT donations, for instance, in the year 2013, Vodafone NZ made an ICT donation of $40,000 to Manurewa intermediate. The staff completed the makeover, who volunteered more than 200 hours of their time and proficiency. This contribution included connection of Wi-Fi to more than 40 areas around schools, refurbished laptops, desktops, and new iPads. This donation would enable teachers to create an easier and richer learning experience for their students while incorporating real applications of what the students are learning. Also, technology acts as a benefactor for businesses, society, environment, and consumers, however, it comes with its negativity such as cyber bullying and other accidents. Vodafone has addressed some of this problems by introducing services and products that will empower their customers so that they can be able to address these problems. For instance, cyber bullying using communication technology is a serious issue that has is affecting many young people. Vodafone developed Vodafone blacklist as a reaction to this matter; they also ensured they had a method to enable their customers to address this problem directly (Finkbeiner, Schau, Lehmann Traverso, 2010). The company is working with Netsafe to ensure they come up with a new tool that will be used by school children and young people, who are most of the time the victims of bullying, communicate better about cyber bullying in their schools. Recommendations Vodafone New Zealand initiated a review which is more formalized to its stakeholders and their material issues on corporate responsibility (CR), however, incorporation of this act into a formalized stakeholder engagement program is yet to be completed. Vodafone increased its services scope by acquiring Telstra Clear; it also increased the number of its customers and their base. The Vodafone requires to identify and assess the material CR impacts which is associated with this operating environment; this will be a vital task for the company in the years to come.

Essay On Racism In To Kill A Mockingbird - 970 Words

Racism in the United States of America, especially the South, in the 1930s was exceptionally different from the racism that America is experiencing today. In the compelling novel â€Å"To Kill A Mockingbird,† by Harper Lee, hating or disliking a person that has a different skin color was an extremely common thing, and was accepted as normal; especially in the southern states. The majority of white children were brought up to think that they were more superior than black children in their households, and on the streets. Many families still didn’t want to associate themselves with black families, even though the story takes place post-Civil War. The Civil War, and many ‘famous’ Confederate soldiers are mentioned throughout the book, and many†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"We had such a good chance,’ he said. â€Å"I told him what I thought, but I couldn’t in truth say that we had more than a good chance. I guess Tom was tired of white men ’s chances and preferred to take his own.† (Lee, 235). Atticus had put his heart into the Robinson case and kept his hopes high for Tom, although chances seemed low, Atticus assured him they would win the case. He was greatly upset when he found out that Tom was shot, and was angered by the people of Maycomb that used Tom’s death as an excuse to insult the African-American community. In addition to Atticus working hard on the case, he also made sure his children are treating others with the best of kindness and respect. Scout and Jem have many encounters with children at school who have parents that are ashamed to know Atticus because of the Tom Robinson case. They have taught their kids that it’s a sin to help a black man, and Scout and Jem feel the effects from that. Despite those troubles, Atticus teaches his children to always hold their head high, and to turn the other cheek. Scout tries very hard to keep Atticus’s words true to her heart, and makes sure that she walks away when other kids try to pick fights with her. She struggles with not letting the things that people say about Atticus make her mad. â€Å"Promise you won’t tell Atticus about this. He- he asked me one time to not let anything I heard about him make me mad, an’ I’d rutherShow MoreRelatedTo Kill a Mockingbird Essay About Racism795 Words   |  4 PagesBurrell Period 5 TKAM Essay 10/6/09 (Re-Write 10/24/09) To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee depicts racism in the 1930’s and shows the characters had to overcome challenges because of it. The 1930’s was a difficult time to live in because of racism against African Americans and the depression, where thousands of people lost their jobs. The idea â€Å"an extraordinary challenge can sometimes make an ordinary person into a hero† shows that anyone in To Kill a Mockingbird could have been a hero,Read MoreRacism In To Kill A Mockingbird Essay1539 Words   |  7 Pagesconditions, and more. Prejudice gained prominence in this era and the idea of racism was born. Most westerners seem to treat everyone that doesn’t fit their skin color and attributes as a worthy sufferer of hate. Racism would later flow through systems and societies of other countries, plaguing the population of ideas that make no sense and judge a population based on something one cannot control. One of the many playing fields of racism was the Un ited States in the 1900’s, even though slavery was eradicatedRead MoreRacism In To Kill A Mockingbird Essay1457 Words   |  6 Pagesimprove due to figures shining a light on the issues. Harper Lee is a highly respected character. She is able to show the effects and ugly side of racism in To Kill a Mockingbird. Throughout Lee brings out racism by using connections to the Jim Crow laws, mob mentality, and Scottsboro trials. The Jim Crow Laws are evident throughout To Kill a Mockingbird. They were fatal and obstructed many black people’s rights. The laws were originally meant to only separate the races and keep the conditions equalRead MoreEssay On Racism In To Kill A Mockingbird1561 Words   |  7 Pagesdisproportionately make up more than half of the prison population. There is indisputable racism in this country, and the world of Harper Lee’s To Kill A Mockingbird displays this in a very obvious light. Racism has been around for centuries, it has changed and reformed itself. Racism cannot not be solved overnight, but it can be solved with positive and immediate steps and actions. Society as a whole is highly capable of overcoming racism. Therefore, the belief that it will never change and that the society willRead MoreRacism In To Kill A Mockingbird Essay729 Words   |  3 Pagesand thought you had no meaning to live or even get near them. Having everything separate from whites and whe re you were accused of anything or anything if you were near.This was how people in Maycomb County used to live in the 1930’s. In â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird† that is how most people lived except the Finch family who thought everyone was created equal no matter the color of their skin. When Cal took Scout and Jem to her church that was on the day Reverend Sykes wanted the church to give money toRead MoreRacism In To Kill A Mockingbird Essay902 Words   |  4 Pagesyoung narrator of Lee Harper’s To Kill a Mockingbird, poses a fair question on the topic of racism in the southern town of Maycomb, Alabama. The narrative talks of a situation similar to historical events whose impact is still seen in the United States today. Aspects of real-life events involving cases based on race, such as all-white juries, clear evidence that is ignored, and no justice being served, influenced Harper Lee’s fictional novel of To Kill a Mockingbird. In Scottsboro, a small town inRead MoreThe Theme of Racism in To Kill a Mockingbird Essay1050 Words   |  5 PagesIn the book To Kill a Mockingbird, many minor themes are present such as gender and age. However, the largest and therefore major theme of the book is racism. All of the events and themes in the book had only one purpose, to support the theme of racism. One of the most important events in the book was Tom Robinson’s trial, which was unfairly judged due to the fact that the jury could not see beyond the color of Tom’s skin. The put their own racist opinions ahead of what is right and just. One ofRead MoreRacism and Discrimination in to Kill a Mockingbird Essay870 Words   |  4 PagesRacism and Discrimination as the theme in To Kill A Mockingbird To Kill a Mockingbird written by Harper Lee is a Pulitzer Prize winning novel, that offers a view of life through a young girl’s eyes. The novel is focused on two main themes which are racism and discrimination. Racism is probably the biggest theme of the novel. It comes in as an open and subtle manner that is being displayed through speeches and actions. Racism in Maycomb takes mainly the form of having white people against blackRead MoreRacism in To Kill a Mockingbird, by Harper Lee Essay1497 Words   |  6 PagesRacism was a very large part of society in the south during the 1930’s. Many colored people were thought of as less than their peers. Whites were considered better than African Americans were, and almost every white person accepted the unjust judgment. Racial discrimination hit hard in the south. Many of the characters in To Kill a Mockingbird were impacted by racial discrimination, including Calpurnia, Scout, and Tom Robinson and his family. One of the more â€Å"accepted† sorts of racism in theRead MoreRacism in To Kill a Mockingbird, by Harper Lee Essay866 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"To Kill A Mockingbird† is marvelous and unforgettable novel. Not only show how dramatic, sad in and old town – Maycomb be like, but through her unique writings, some big conflicts about politics and critical is going on through this tired old Southern town. Not just in general like education, friendship, neighbors but also pacific in individuals like family and the people’s characteristics themselves. In one book yet can covered with such many problems, Harper Lee must have been experienced a lot

Postmodernism and Feminism Free Essays

Ailene Brukman-Stivi Professor: Haim Deuel Lusky Postmodernism and Feminism The question of what happened to feminism during the postmodern times is not easily encapsulated in one phrase or idea as it is actually an amalgam of often purposely ambiguous and fluid ideas. One would have to start researching about postmodernism and what it means, let alone search about the history of feminism and its development. After one would research a little bit about postmodernism he or she would realize the knowledge about modernism is also extremely crucial to understand fully about postmodernism and feminism. We will write a custom essay sample on Postmodernism and Feminism or any similar topic only for you Order Now Therefore this writing will conclude a few words about modernism. How did we as a culture develop into a postmodernist era? And of course how does this era have to do with feminism? This research paper will include different critiques about the subject of postmodernism and feminism as well. Before starting the writing on reviews, critiques and more in depth research of our subject I would like to give a general description, and background research, I would like to start with the two main terms: Feminism and postmodernism. Feminism Rozen Tali, the writer of the book, What Is Feminism Anyways. Opens her book saying that she never really understood what feminism is exactly. She says people just call her a feminist every time she speaks her opinion about â€Å"differentiating her and a floor rag. † She writes about a sentence that was said in 1913 by a woman, was a British reporter, by the name Rebecca West, saying that if you are waiting for a current and modern definition of feminism, you have nothing to wait for. There is no definition. It is not that a definition does not exist, it exists and that is a for sure thing. It’s just that, there are so many definitions that there is no specific one. (Rozen) Rozen writes that the word ‘feminism’ actually was born about one hundred years ago. In the beginning this word was used as a medical term for a man that has female characteristics. As time passed the word feminism turned in to a term in the psychological world; also got a negative connotation to it, but this time not a male with female characteristics, but as a description of a woman with male character. Examples of a diagnosis for â€Å"feminism† would be like desire to study, courageous, and ambition. Tali Rozen gives a great example of this psychological diagnosis; thirty years ago, people said about the governor of the state of Israel, Golda Meir, that she is â€Å"the only man in the government† and until today the best way to describe a great woman in business is to say â€Å"she got balls. † The reincarnation of the term feminism indicates and highlights the problem of the actual term itself. Not only it was used in negative connotation but also millions in the past and even today have a hard time to define feminism. In the dictionary feminism is written to be the ideology of the emancipation of women. According to this definition, there is something in common to all the definitions and ideas that is, the one important belief that women suffer from injustice because of their sex. Rozen Suggests that instead of getting confused with the actual meaning of the word we can agree on the definition: Feminism is a theory that is based on the point of view of a woman, and that point of view give new light to knowledge that already exist. This knowledge could come from anywhere, film, literature, history, everything. But that does not mean that every woman that analyzes a specific subject, is doing a feministic act. To look and analyze something from a woman’s perspective means to put a woman in the center of the discussion. Bottom line is that, the question of what is feminism is not one answer. Rozen asks and answers: is feminism a woman who stands and fight for their right, yes. And is feminism a movement of freedom? Yes! Is it the history of half humanity? Also yes. And there is much more to what is feminism. Postmodernism Postmodernism represents the converge of three distinct cultural trends. These include an attack on the austerity and functionalism of modern art; the philosophical attack on structuralism, spear-headed in the 1970s by poststructuralist scholars such as Jacque Derrida, Michel Foucault and Gilles Deleuze; and the economic theories of postindustrial society developed by sociologist such as Daniel Bell and Alain Touraine. Callinicos 1989) In the book of Jean-Francois Lyotard, The Postmodern condition, where he summarized postmodernism as above all maintaining â€Å"an incredulity toward metanarratives† (1984:xxiii-iv, 5). Postmodernists, he argues, questions the assumption of the modern age, particularly the belief that rational thought and technological innovation can guarantee progress and enlightenment to humanity. They doubt the ability of thinkers from the West either to u nderstand the world or to prescribe solutions for it. The grand theories of t past, whether liberal or Marxist, have been dismissed as products of an age when Europeans and North Americans mistakenly believed in their own invincibility. The metanarratives of such thought are no longer seen as â€Å"truth,† but simply as privileged discourses that deny and silence competeing dissident voices. (Merchant Parpart) Michel Foucault, one of the leading postmodernist (and poststructuralist) thinkers, has emphasized the inadequacies of metanarratives and the need to examine the specificities of power and its relation to knowledge and language (discourse. He dismisses â€Å"reason† as a fiction and sees â€Å"truth† as simply a partial, localized version of â€Å"reality† transformed into a fixed form in the long process of history. He argues that discourse- a historical, socially and institutionally specific structure of statements, terms, categories, and beliefs- is the site of where meanings are contested and power relations determined (Scott 1988:36. ) The ability to control knowledge and meaning, not only through writing but also through disciplinary and professional institutions, and in social relations, is the key to understanding and exercising power relations in society. According to Foucault, the false power of hegemonic knowledge can be challenged by counter-hegemonic discourses which offer alternative explanation of â€Å"reality† (Foucault 1972; 1979; 1980. ) The search to understand the construction of social meaning has led postmodernists/ poststructuralist scholars to recognize the contingent of the subject. As Judith Butler points out, â€Å"No subject is its own point of departure† (Butler, 1992; 9) Jacque Derrida (1976) emphasizes the crucial role played by binary opposites. Indeed, he argues that Western philosophy largely rests on opposites, such as truth/falsity, unity/diversity, or man/woman, whereby the nature and primacy of the first term is also superior to the second. These pairs are as embedded in the definition of their opposite as they are I the nature of the object being defined, and they shape our understanding in complex and often unrecognized ways. In order to better understand this process, Derrida and others have alled for the critical deconstruction of texts (both written and oral) and greater attention to the way differences, particularly those embedded in binary thinking, are constructed and maintained (Culler 1982) To conclude, postmodernist thinkers reject universal, simplified definitions of social phenomena, which, they argue, essentialize reality and fail to reveal the complexity of life as a lived experience. Drawing on this critique, postmodernists have rejected the search for broad generalizations. They emphasize the need for local, specific and historically informed analysis, carefully grounded in both spatial and cultural contexts. Above all, they call for the recognition and celebration of differences, the importance of encouraging the recovery of previously silenced voices and an acceptance of the partial nature of all knowledge claims and thus the limits of knowing. (Marchand Papart) Postmodernism/feminism Today in the postmodernism era, the women’s identity is not stable, it changes. Postmodern researchers are against this idea, because the â€Å"I† is an autonomic identity that is disconnected from the social conversation. Also feminists and feminist writers, that identify themselves with the postmodernists, are objecting the enlightenment period; because there is an existent subject and because there is a possibility to reach the objective truth through the â€Å"bina† and the straight mind. (Zaken) Zaken claims that feminism is actually leaning on postmodern values, and it exists today to breakdown and defragment in a new way the idea or word â€Å"the woman. Simone de Beauvoir, a French writer, intellectual, existentialist philosopher, political activist, feminist, and social theorist. While she did not consider herself a philosopher, de Beauvoir had a significant influence on both feminist existentialism and feminist theory. She had claimed that a woman is not born a woman, she is made a woman. Female traits are built through social influence and not biological destiny. She sees the social construction of femininity, which in it exists the subject; isn’t she a woman, the woman who thinks of herself as a woman, in a specific situation that her environment creates. A great example is the fact that most girls and boys play with their gender’s toys, girls with Barbies and dolls while boys with trucks and cars. From her article, The Ethics Ambiguity, comes up that women have internalized their gender hierarchy, to the point where it is hard for them to disconnect from their hierarchal position. Simone de Beauvoir came to a conclusion, in which the female subject had suffered from suppression- the woman is ‘different,’ lower, inferior in relation to men, and because of this suppression, the independence of a woman is destroyed in social situations. With that, there is an argument between postmodernism and feminism, which due to a postmodern claim, that power does not control and there is no axioms like private/public, or motherhood. If there is no category â€Å"woman,† then woman can be anything. She is free from the stereotype and the coercing. That being said, there is no general and unified identity for women. Feminists have responded to postmodern ideas in a number of ways. The strongest opposition has come from feminists working in the liberal (modern) or Marxist traditions, both of which are embedded in Enlightenment thinking (modern era). Liberal feminists, who have been preoccupied with policy formulation and the improvement of women’s statues within the structures of western thought and society, generally write as if postmodern critiques have little or no applicability for their own work. The possibility of â€Å"modernization† and â€Å"progress† may be unobtainable and undesirable goals in a postmodern world have rarely been considered by liberals working within these structures. (like World Bank, United Nations, and the International Labor Organization) Mackinnon Catherine’s influence on shaping feminism is extremely deep in the 80s and the first years of the 90s, so deep that the different â€Å"post-feministic† currents, in many ways are â€Å"post-Mackinnon,† and to be exact, â€Å"anti-Mackinnon. † Therefore whoever wants to become familiar with the feministic thinking there is no better place to do so with Mackinnon’s variables. The starting point of Mackinnon’s feminism is that the group of women are discriminated against and oppressed by the group of men, which are first and foremost caused by the way sexuality is built by society. According to Mackinnon, sexuality is the subject that its social patriarchal meaning changes the men to be in control and the women to be controlled. Dr Yaakov Gorbitz, in his book, â€Å"Postmodernism- Culture and Literature in the End of The 20th Century,† writes on the issue of feminism that modernism and postmodernism needs to remind us of two main phases: the first, the woman who tries to stand and tries to fortify herself against the en. -This is the model where women rebel against men and say we are not going to take of hair from our legs, we will not give you the pleasure of wanting a â€Å"feminine† woman. In the postmodern stage the woman understands that the seed of the problem is that she is always looking at herself in relation to men, and contr ary to them, and so she says; â€Å"I am allowed to put makeup on and take care of my beauty- and not for the man but for me or for my friends. † When a woman stops being just an opposite model of a man she can internalize some new heterogeneity. Some feminists believe feminist theory has always dealt with postmodern issues and indeed, has more to offer women than male-centric postmodern writers. Feminist anthropologists, Frances Mascia-Lees, Patricia Sharpe and Colleen Cohen (1989), attack postmodern anthropology for it’s profoundly sexists nature, nothing that studies such as George Marcus and Michael Fischer’s Anthropology as Culture Critique, ignore feminist contributions to the discussion of the â€Å"other† and long-standing feminist critiques of Western notions of â€Å"truth. † Michel Foucault Contrary to liberals and Marxists, Foucault did not see the mechanisms of power in society, as something held by groups or institutions in society, and which does not exist for others; distribution that enables the control of a group of other parts of the society. Foucault referred to †political power†, as network relationships, imaginary strings interwoven within the community, and he saw no, one dominant factor, such as the state or economic elite. This means that in a society there are power centers that are not subject to economic relations (such as madhouses, for example). Foucault goes on to argue with the liberals and the Marxists. According to them every relationship, in which forces, is characterized by imposing restrictions and denial of freedoms. He argued that this approach stems from the fact that they recognize the political power with the legal system and enforcement. But for him, it is only one of the forms of expression of political power, embodied throughout history. Foucault examines the relationship between institutions (social) and the body (human). He opposes the very concept of â€Å"sexuality. According to him, in the 19th century, when sexuality was taboo, it increased desire to break the taboo and talk about sex, that also created behaviors which were categorized as social deviance. For example, sex between men, were â€Å"homosexual. † This was a setting, which has reference for those people, people who were born different. This is one of Foucault’s contributions to understanding the relationship between sexual orie ntation and identity. According to Foucault, identity is created as part of a dialogue, in particular power relations in society. He demonstrates the change in sex ratio from permissiveness of the Middle Ages, where words related to sex revealed associations of â€Å"pleasures† and â€Å"alliance†, and the language of the 19th century, which has the sex talk not allowed or shameful to talk about. Hence, definitions of â€Å"heterosexual† and â€Å"homosexuality† are the product of modern times, from the 19th – century. As someone who has studied the sexual discourse in society, Foucault argued that the discourse on sexuality limits and defines the sexual content and created a social pattern. Once we understand how we talk about sex, we understand sexuality. That is, language reflects the thinking and perception also on sex and sexuality. The mechanisms of power in sexuality, expressed the distinction between what and what is not acceptable in society. Namely, that the discourse on sexuality is a society regime (as expressions of political power mechanisms); language created a situation, when the subject of sex is brought up, the person might feel sinful (sexual). Feeling which helps to suppress the desire for sex, because that person did not want to feel a sinner. The goal behind this repression is, to get the â€Å"different† forms of sex out of the people. That is, except for the non-reproductive sex. The society defines normal sexual norms, from early childhood to old age. Whoever goes beyond the norm, is placed under the situation of the â€Å"controlled mechanism† in order to create helpful sexual drive economically and politically beneficial to society. These mechanisms determine what is allowed and what is not right in society and what is wrong. Foucault argued that since the 18th century, the deviation began to violate the law (courts could, not so long ago, to convict homosexuals or partners who betrayed their spouse). By, new sexual settings, to different sexual behaviors (that were always there but never received cultural significance) changed the face of society. This means social definition creates the identity. The new terms â€Å"gay,† â€Å"lesbian† and â€Å"straight†, are the result of modern discourse, which created categorization and sub-categories of conversation. The term â€Å"homosexuality† has two interpretations, one, sexual preference. Second meaning is social labeling. This labeling is the concept of the rule of the person which identifies himself or herself, as †gay†. That is, each character turns shades of defining sexual identity. Experts (such as pedagogues, psychologists and psychiatrists), can be social power, which determine the legitimate content – normal and identify the pathological contents of a person. Their power, according to Foucault, is due to their proximity to the dominant group in society, the bourgeoisie and the political elite. Extreme conclusion is that gender regime serves the interests of those groups, and that by using the institutions of marriage and heterosexuality. (Zaken) Conclusion Society is the cause of sexual identity and what makes the difference between sexual orientation, and how we identify who we are; A woman or a man. But there is change occurring and there could be more change as soon as we, as a society start â€Å"unlabeling† and just living with all types of sexual orientation, genders, and labels that are not labeled. This is all through a social process, of course. A note, it is extremely crucial to know the difference between sex and gender, because then we are giving legitimacy to popular belief, commemorating the situation in which women are subject to male social order. This follows the historical tradition of the patriarchal family and society. This approach considers the biological differences between the sexes, as the distribution of the different roles. In other words, gender inequality is prevailing social perceptions. Ultimately, the goal is to get into a relationship of equality between men and women in society, there would be no more women who are discriminated against on the basis of sex and / or gender. For, as de Beauvoir said, man and woman, depend on each other for sex and continuity of human society. Thus, each and every one will be able to shape their identity in accordance with their wishes and needs, and not according to social codes dictated and dried. ———————————————— Work Cited * Ankersmith, F. R. (1990) â€Å"Reply to Professor Zagorin,† History and Theory 29, 3: 275-96 * Beauvoir de Simone. The Ethics of Ambiguity. 1949. Translated by Bernard Frechten: Citadel Press, 2006 * Beauvoir d e Simone. The Second Sex. 1949. Translated by Parshley, Penguin 1972. * Butler, J. (1992) â€Å"Contingent Foundations: Feminism and the Question of Postmodernism,† in J. Butler and J. W. Scott (eds) Feminists Theorize the Political, New York and London: Routledge. * Collinicos, A. (1989) Against Postmodernism, Oxford: Polity Press. Culler, J. (1982) On Deconstruction: Theory and criticism after structuralism, Ithaca, NY: Cornell university Press. * Evans, Judith. Feminist Theory Today: An Introduction to Second-Wave Feminism. London: SAGE publication, 1995. * Foucault, M. * † (1972) The Archaeology of knowledge and the Discourse on Language, New York: Tavistock Publications Harper Colophon. * â€Å"(1979) (published in French, 1975) Discipline and Punish, Translated by S. Sheridan, New York: Penguin Books. * † (1980) Power/Knowledge: Selected Interviews and Other Writings, 1972-1977, translated by C. Gordon, New York: Harvest Press. Jameson, F. (1990) Postmoder nism or, the Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism, Durham, NC: Duke University Press. * Mackinnon A Catherine, â€Å"Sexuality, Pornography and Methods- Pleasure under Patriarchy,† Towards a Feminist Theory of the State, 1990. Translated and Permission of Harvard University Press. Reprinted by Permission of Catherine A Mackinnon, Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, Copy Right c 1989 by Catherine Mackinnon. * Marchand H. Marianne and Parpart L. Jane. Feminism/Postmodernism/Development. London: Routledge, 1995. * Mascia-Lees, F. Sharpe, P. and Cohen, C. B (1989) â€Å"The Postmodernist Turn in Anthropology: Cautions from a Feminist Perspective,† Signs 15, 1: 394-408. * Palmer, I (1990) Gender and Population in the Adjustment of African Economics; Planning for Change, Women, Work and Development Series No. 19, Geneva: International Labour Organization. * Rozen, Tali. What is Feminism Anyway? And Why don’t we know anything about it. Tel Aviv: Zmora Bitan, 2000. * Scott, J. W. (1988) â€Å"Deconstructing Equality – versus Differences: Or the Use of Poststructuralist Theory of Feminism,† Feminist Studies14, 1: 33-50. * Sylvester Christine. Feminist Theory and International Relations in a Postmodern Era. Cambridge University Press, 1994. ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Some western scholars, most notably Marxist reject postmodernism as dangerous and naive (Callinicos 1989; palmer 1990. ) Others , while sympathetic to Marxism, see Postmodernism as an outgrowth of the culture of late capitalism. Fredrick Jameson, for example, endorses an approach which draws on the strength of postmodernism without abandoning political action (Jameson 1991. ) Some scholars find postmodernism’s emphasis on difference and multiplicity useful for their work and not necessarily inimical to other approaches (Ankersmit 1990; Parkash 1990) How to cite Postmodernism and Feminism, Papers

Discrimination against Human Cloning free essay sample

This paper discusses the problems related to the human cloning process. This paper provides a look at human cloning, and examines the discrimination dimension of the cloning process. The author discusses the pros and cons of cloning, religious opposition, and societal worries. The paper also discusses the problem of overpopulation, financial costs of cloning, and potential discrimination of clones from humans. Genetics is of increasing importance in the world of the 21st century. New developments in this field are finding more and more applications in every day life. Concerns about this science, due to its inherent conflicts with religious doctrine and traditional norms and unfamiliarity to the public have been frequently presented in the media. Recently, the public perception of genetics has appeared around such as human cloning. While many aspects of this subject are poorly understood, it isnt in doubt that there raise many questions of great complexity.

Change Management in Projects and Project Stakeholders

Question: Describe about the Change Management in Projects and Project Stakeholders. Answer: Project Management Change I agree with my fellow student that projects are characterized by three elements of uniqueness, dynamic and temporal. Hence, the aspect of change in them is real and fundamental as discussed by the student. It is due to these features that make projects not to have a particular model of management that keeps on changing from one project to the next. Hence agree with the above statement as it has been clearly brought out by the student. In the modification process of the projects, approaches of transformations are employed to the individuals, teams and even the company as a whole to create a new image of the business (Levin, 2012). As discussed by my fellow student, I agree to the fact that the changes are usually regarded to be the individual focus so as to create a meaningful transformation that is uniform. In initiating the changes in the projects, project management I suggest that models should be employed which have the ability to tackle the issues differently. The analysis made by my fellow student in the table as borrowed the knowledge from Wysocki(2014) is well done.I agree that as discussed in the table, various models are used which help in simplifying and explaining issues in an individual project hence such matters are clearly seen. I agree that the models whether linear or incremental are regarded to be ancient management ones that are based on detailed planning as the discussion showed hence the piece is truthful and well researched in addition to the classwork, I agree that the mentioned models such as extreme PLMC, Adaptive PMLC, Iterative PMLC and Linear PMLC can be initiated to the projects in which everything is known at the initiating stage. I agree that the changes seldom occur(Anca, 2013). Project Stakeholders I agree to the fact that project stakeholders entail people that are involved in the business organization or a company either directly or indirectly by use of representatives. My fellow students are correct by stating that stakeholders can be a person, a team of individuals or even the organization working on a common goal. Also, I agree that they usually have an effect or be affected by the organization since they have a place in regarding the decision-making process.I agree that stakeholders have a say in the outcomes of the launched projects. They are therefore considered to have a profound interest in the initiated projects as clearly brought out by my fellow students(Antonioni, 2009). I add that stakeholders of the projects are the major funders, they are influential regarding planning and launching stage of the projects. It is because they have to ensure the right thing is done to evade losses that otherwise could have occurred as a result of carelessness. They, therefore, work with the experts to ensure that appropriate models of managing the projects are utilized in the projects for the best outcomes to be realized. I agree that crucial elements are considered in the projects. For instance, the urgency of the stakeholders, proximity, and power they have which also determine their influence in the projects(Wysocki, 2014). I agree that projects that are initiated have an end which tells whether they are successful or not. I can add that the key indicators of success projects entail profits being realized, sales being made Accordingly, expansion of the projects manifested as well all the projects being adopted such organizations. I agree that feedbacks and surveys from the stakeholders are done that are usually made at the last stage(Antonioni, 2009). References Anca, V. (2013). Project management-A tool for Implementing change in organizations. Business and Economics Journal, 8(2), 137-144. Antonioni, D. (2009). Crafting the art of stakeholder management. Industrial Management, 51(1), 18-22. Levin, G. (2012). Embrace and exploit change as a program manager: Guidelines for success. New York: project management institute. Wysocki, R. (2014). Effective Project Management: Traditional , Agile extreme. Indianapolis: IN: Wiley.