A Green History of the World by Clive Pointing Essay

A Green History of the World by Clive Pointing A Green History of the World has been very educational reading and has given me a new prospective on the environment. While I do disagree with some of Clive Pointing’s views I have learned a lot from his work. A Green History of the World was a very in-depth look at the past and the future of our environment. Pointing raised my consciousness regarding the trials we face as inhabitants of this great planet and left me with some food for thought. After reading Chapter One I found myself entranced by the mystery of Easter Island and excited about the information A Green History of the World had to offer. I had virtually no understanding of Easter Island nor could I remember every being†¦show more content†¦The Easter Island Home Page is full of fascinating information regarding everything from the discovery of Easter Island to modern day life on the island. Though there are many theories about Easter Island, in my opinion no one really knows exactly what happened there. It seems to me that the more factual data we discovered the more questions we create. I found it interesting that in a recent archeological discovery they found that porpoises made up a large portion of the early inhabitants diet, which means that they would have had to have had some sort of â€Å"sea worthy† vessel in which to hunt this animal. Remembering that when Easter Island was discovered the only boats that were found were three sm all canoes (that were not sea worthy), they must have been previously equipped with lager boats in order to hunt the porpoises. Another theory that I found particularly entertaining was that extraterrestrial beings inhabited the island and were responsible for the statues and their placement. Though I do not agree with all of the theories that I read, I am still intrigued by Easter Island and after looking at the pictures of the Island on the Internet I would like to travel there in the future. Easter Island is located off the coast of Chile and it cost approximately $800.00 to fly there round trip from Chile, but what an experience it would be. Throughout theShow MoreRelatedEssay about What is World History?4758 Words   |  20 PagesWhat is world history? Bruce Mazlish contends that world history, as opposed to global history, is the study of systemic processes of interaction among diverse peoples, best typified by the work of William H. McNeill. By contrast, global history is the history of globalization, a process that Mazlish argues did not begin to occur on a significant scale until at least the 1950s, and, more plausibly, the 1970s. Citing prominent economic historians, Nicholas Kristof asserts that globalizationRead MoreEssay about Culture and the Environment on Easter Island and Tikopia2587 Words   |  11 Pagespp 9 of handout, 2000). Ehrlich argues that the size and geography of a region, its climate, the availability of resources - the macroevolutionary forces - will have an enormous effects on the cultures that develop there. Ehrlich continues by pointing out that cultures do not only develop as simple, predictable reflections of their environments. The influences do not only run in one direction; cultural beliefs and practices may lead to large-scale environmental changes made by a society. The cultureRead MoreGeorge Orwell23689 Words   |  95 Pagesprivate life. On the other hand, if one of them succeeds in blowing me to pieces with a well-placed bomb, he will never sleep any the worse for it. He is serving his country, which has the power to absolve him from evil. 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Van Gosse and Richard Moser, eds., The World the Sixties Made: Politics and Culture in Recent America Joanne Meyerowitz, ed., History and September 11th John McMillian and Paul Buhle, eds., The New Left Revisited David MRead MoreHuman Resources Management150900 Words   |  604 PagesStrategic Human Resource Planning 43 The culture of an organization is seen in the norms of expected behaviors, values, philosophies, rituals, and symbols used by its employees. Culture evolves over a period of time. Only if an organization has a history in which people have shared experiences for years does a culture stabilize. A relatively new firm, such as a business existing for less than two years, probably has not developed a stabilized culture. Managers must consider the culture of the organization

Qantas International Analysis of the External Environment

Qantas International faces both direct and indirect competition, in a highly competitive, global marketplace. Direct competitors to Qantas International are those airlines that market full service international air travel, and the primary direct competitors identified in this market are Emirates and Singapore Airways. Indirect competition in the marketplace comes from low cost airlines, and the main competitor in this market is Virgin Australia, which is jointly owned by Air New Zealand, Singapore Airways. Market Analysis International passenger traffic to and from Australia in December 2103 was carried by forty-eight international airlines that were in operation in that month, offering seats to over three million passengers. The number†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Employers have no statutory obligation to consult with employees. †¢ Employees do not have the right to strike. †¢ In the event of a dispute that cannot be settled between parties there are statutory dispute resolution procedures. (XpertHR, 2014) Ownership Public: 9% State: 91% Market Share 9.61% of Australian International Market (See Figure 2) Direct Competition, Singapore Airways: 1972 Singapore, Changi Airbus A330-300, Airbus A340-500, Airbus A380, Boeing 747-400, Boeing 777-200, Boeing 777-300 Strategy Singapore Airlines have a dual strategy that balances purposes that are traditionally viewed as incompatible opposites. The Harvard Business Review describes this as being â€Å"a premium service provider and a cost leader†, (Heracleous Wirtz, 2010). Combining product differentiation through uncompromising customer focus which â€Å"includes everything that would enhance the travel experience for the customer† (Phong, 2014) and cost leadership â€Å"product leadership does not mean ever-more complex offerings or throwing money at a problem†. In general, Singapore Airlines strategy is about organic growth and enhancement of partnerships with other airlines. However, Singapore is investing its healthy profits in other airlines, such as SilkAir and Virgin Australia both to establish presence in those markets, and to build partners for codeshare arrangements. Singapore Airways maintains low operational costs through outsourcing of support functions, suchSho w MoreRelatedSituational Analysis Of Qantas Airlines Situational Analysis1211 Words   |  5 Pages Situational Analysis This report largely focuses on constructing a situational analysis of Qantas Airlines. An organisations situational analysis refers to an analysis that consists of ascertaining the key factors that will be used as a basis for development of marketing strategy. (Elliot 2014). Situational analysis consists of the environment analysis (both internal and external environment), competitor’s analysis and finally the swot analysis. By analysing those elements statedRead MoreDefending Territory Case Studies Analysis2104 Words   |  9 PagesIBU5COR ASSIGNMENT Defending Territory Case Studies Analysis Submitted by SEEMAB ALAM (17480932) Table of Contents Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...3 External Environment Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..3 General Environment Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...3 Industry environment†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..4 The competitive Environment†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.5 Opportunities and threats†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....6 Internal Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.6 Tangible and Intangible Resources†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreFinancial Analysis : Qantas Airlines1157 Words   |  5 PagesFINANCIAL ANALYSIS SUBMITTED BY: PRIYA BINDRA-12978038 ALISHA DESHAR-13058812 AVTAR SINGH BHANGRA-13032771 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..3 INTRODUCTION†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.4 BUSINESS PERFORMANCE†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..5 COMPETITORS 6 DISCLOSED AND PAID DIVIDENDS 7 OTHER ITEMS 7 FINANCIAL STATEMENT ANALYSIS†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.7 CONCLUSION 13 APPENDIX†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreStrategic Management Essay2627 Words   |  11 Pagesï » ¿Strategic Management Content: 1. Background of Qantas 2. Analysis of Qantas External analysis a. What industry is it? b. General environment analysis c. The industry environment d. Competitive environment e. You now have material about opportunities Internal analysis f. The firm’s resources, tangible and intangible g. Capabilities identification h. Core competency analysis i. Value chain analysis j. Weakness k. Pulling it together l. Current strategies 3. RecommendationRead MoreEssay on Strategic Management on Qantas Airway3090 Words   |  13 PagesQantas Airway Strategic Management BUSM 3125 Group Assignment 2 Jonathon Reid Sindra Hao Ming Lee – S3301727 Table of Content Executive Summary 3 Background Information 4 SWOT Analysis 5 PESTEL Framework Analysis Read MoreEssay on Qantas Case Study5993 Words   |  24 PagesQANTAS CASE ANALYSIS REPORT MARK ANTHONY ANDRIJCICH STUDENT NUMBER – 10513924 MGMT3347 – STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT SEMESTER 2, 2011 TUTORIAL 4 – MONDAYS, 15:00 ROOM BUSN:161 – THE CULLITY TUTORIAL ROOM TUTOR – DOUG MOFFAT INDIVIADUAL CASE ANALYSIS REPORT TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦............................3 EXTERNAL ANALYSIS OF QANTAS†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...4 --Industry --General Environment Analysis --Six General Elements --Demographic --Economic Read MoreQantas Report6570 Words   |  27 PagesTABLE OF CONTENTS Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2 COMPANY BACKGROUND 3 EXTERNAL ANALYSIS 4 REMOTE ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS 5 INDUSTRY ANALYSIS 7 COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS 12 INTERNAL ANALYSIS 13 STRATEGIC GAPS 15 STRATEGIC OPTIONS AVAILABLE 17 RECOMMENDED STRATEGY 21 IMPLEMENTATION PLAN 22 CONCLUSION 23 REFERENCES 24 APPENDIX 1 – Income Statement 25 APPENDIX 2 – Balance Sheet 26 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The passenger airline industry is very mature and competitionRead MoreQantas strategies Analysis4526 Words   |  19 PagesResearch and analysis of company information 5.0 4.0 Considerations of constraints impacting organisational strategy 5.0 3.75 Application of relevant theories of strategy 5.0 3.75 Development of argument and applied critical thought 5.0 4.0 Written communication referencing 5.0 3.25 Total marks /25 18.75 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The report has discussesd and appliesd theoretical concepts and principles of strategic management into analyzing the environment contextRead MoreQantas Marketing3644 Words   |  15 PagesName: Rani Fawzi Ayyad Student ID: 871148 Executive Summary Qantas is one of the oldest airlines in the travel industry established 1920 (Qantas.com.au, 2014) In this report we shall discover the main problems which are faced by the airline in terms of marketing and in competing with other airlines in the airline industry. This assignment will highlight the various micro and macro environmental factors operating in Qantas and how they may act as an opportunity or threat for the company. WeRead MoreMarketing and Qantas2726 Words   |  11 PagesATMS 401 – MARKETING Clay Gervais ASSIGNMENT - QANTAS Youre the reason we fly SUBMISSION DATE: 30-Mar-13 STUDENT NAME: Wassim Hamdan STUDENT ID: 862466 Contents Introduction 3 Marketing Audit, Planning and New Strategy 4 SWOT Analysis 5 Qantas Macro Environment 6 Qantas - Micro Environment 7 Marketing Research and Intelligence 8 Market Segmentation 8 Market Positioning 9 Buyer Behavior 10 Conclusion 11 References 12 Author Biography 12 IntroductionQantas

Essay about The Achievement Of The National Honor Society Essay Example For Students

Essay about The Achievement Of The National Honor Society Essay The National Honor Society is a goal every student dreams of, often from their very first day of high school. I have been hoping for and working towards the opportunity to even write this application since the beginning of last year, and now that it comes time to finally put pen to paper (or finger to key in this case) I find it hard to express what an honor it is to be able to apply to this prestigious society. The National Honor Society sets a standard of achievement every student should strive to attain. This standard demands an aptitude for scholarship, highly capable leadership abilities, strong personal character, and devotion to serving and helping others. I believe I have a high aptitude in each of these four pillars of the National Honor Society. In the area of scholarship I show aptitude through my consistently high grades and rigorous course schedule. In the category of leadership I show great strength because of my ability to communicate effectively and organize a group of people to work towards a common goal. I show strength of character through my interactions with others and my personal standards. Finally, I show a devotion to service to others through my long term dedication to many charitable causes.First, I believe I have a high aptitude for scholarship through my rigorous course schedule and consistently high grades. As a freshmen in high school I did the one thing every teacher tells you not to do when scheduling, I took an all honors course schedule. While this all honors course list was difficult to manage at first, I quickly adapted and learned to work harder and study effectively in order to maintain strong grades. When scheduling time came for sophomore year, I chose to do the same thing and again schedu. .etter for it. Thus, through my long term dedication and hard work for the Miracle League organization it is clear I have a high aptitude for service to others.In conclusion, I have a great aptitude for all four characteristics of the National Honor Society, as described by the four pillars. I show great strength in scholarship through my hard work, difficult course schedule, and involvement in many extracurricular activities. My aptitude for leadership can be seen in my work with Hawk Eye, communication skills, and ability to adept to the ideas of others. In the field of character I show great strength in my adherence and strong belief in my personal values. Finally, I show my dedication to service through my long term involvement with the Miracle League organization. Thus it can be seen I show great aptitude in all four of the pillars of the National Honor Society.

Safety System in Aircraft Automation Essay Example

Safety System in Aircraft Automation Essay What’s flying? The plane at rest takes off, beating the force of gravity, it lifts with the forward thrust beating the air resistance, and it is air-borne and on to its flight destination. This looks very simple. To achieve this condition several safety systems, most of them automated and carefully watched and monitored by the staff on duty and the team of pilots, have to work in tandem and without the slightest fault. Then only the airplane will stay up in the air.   Before trying to understand the latest safety systems in Aircraft Automation, it is necessary to know what actually is flying and what happens to it in the process. When a plane is flying, it is being pulled up and down, backward and forward—all at the same time. There are four different forces acting upon it at the same time. These are (i) weight (ii) lift (iii) thrust and (iv) drag. The weight is the force of gravity that pulls the plane downwards. Lift pushes the plane upward. This force is created by the wings as they cut through the air. The force of ‘drag’ pulls the plane backward, while ‘thrust’ pushes it forward. Thrust is produced by propellers. A plane remains steady in flight because of two important reasons. (i) The thrust from the engine equals the drag force; (ii) The lift made by its wings equals the force of gravity on the plane. Aircrafts and automation: Modern commercial aircraft is computer dominated. The Pilot has very limited manual functions, but this in anyway does not diminish his functional responsibility. On the contrary, his responsibility is more. He needs to be on the alert constantly and take appropriate measures on the basis of chart and data provided by the various automated safety systems installed in the airplanes.   He may not have dull tasks of the good old days. Computers do computations and obtain data for the pilot. But he has to monitor the information on the pilot display and arrive at conclusions about the behavior of the airplane. The data must be to the point, with no unnecessary overloading of information. They must allow the pilot to anticipate correctly. We will write a custom essay sample on Safety System in Aircraft Automation specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Safety System in Aircraft Automation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Safety System in Aircraft Automation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer â€Å"Hybrid systems combine two types of behaviors: how a system evolves over time according to the laws of physics, and how the system evolves according to signals and switches. The combination of these two, referred to as continuous and discrete dynamics, leads to extremely complex behavior. In the case of the aircraft, this means that we can model how the aircraft flies as well as the logic which drives the aircraft automation. Hybrid systems are controlled through the combination of continuous and discrete signals we can directly alter.†(Oishi, Meeko) Commercial aircrafts provide a very good example of hybrid systems. The automation is a complex system and the interaction of complex continuous dynamics needs to be studied seriously. The aircraft behaves like an errant child. When it holds a constant attitude, it behaves in one manner, but the behavior changes when it tries to climb and ascend. But nothing to worry, the aircraft automation systems are designed for such everyday operational eventualities. They have gone through the ultimate test and intense certification processes. But this is a costly process, and the hybrid process answers it with economy and equally brilliant performance. With the hybrid control, the airplane will behave like an obedient child, and it will never leave the safe place. . â€Å"The result is quite powerful a complex system, subject to real-life errors and limitations, is mathematically guaranteed to be safe in the face of those errors and limitations.†(Oishi,Meeko) All safety systems in an airplane are interlinked. You can’t have one safe system and another not-so safe system.   Most of the functions are done thorough automation, like holding on to a constant altitude, the constant rate descent, smooth touchdown on the runway. Even though the main part is done through automation, pilot is actively involved in these processes. He is aware what he can expect from automation, his mental mode works with certainty, he is exactly aware of his position, and accurate data is made available to him in the cockpit interface. With these automation facilities, the pilot will not be taken by surprise in auto landings. The ultimate goal is to achieve fail-safe operation, which is paramount to the aircraft industry. That is the assurance required by the customers and any lapse on this parties is not tolerated by the traveling public. .So, guide the Pilot to control the error is the supreme function of safety systems in aircraft automation. The issues involved for causing the error may be many, like Culture, Environment, Terrain, Fatigue, etc. The automation systems help the pilots to create situational awareness. Their critical importance is all the more because pilot error related accidents are up to 80%. Aviation devices are the effects the preventive techniques. Pilots implement them to avoid risks. So, the interface between human and machine intelligence in aviation is an ongoing game. Automation needs to win in this competition, because there lays the victory of the Pilot and the related personnel that makes the air travel possible and safe for the passengers. Using of an automation system does not mean that it is a free license for the Pilot to press the buttons and sit quiet. Alertness of the Pilot and other managing staff related to the aircraft gets priority over automation indicators. The Pilot’s judgment is the first alert; it needs to be trusted implicitly. In case of unfortunate mishaps, the Pilot will have to stand in the witness box before the Court of Enquiry, the automation systems are just the mute witnesses. They may be condemned, but the Pilot will be punished.   The automation systems need to be given the importance and respect that they deserve; nothing more, nothing less. Under-reliance or over-reliance on automotive systems must be avoided. The skills of the Pilot are more important than the automation itself. Let them always remain sharp and never relax for even seconds. The accidents occur within a matter of split-seconds. Using sixth sense and judgment appropriate to the occasion, is a magical quality. It is acquired by experience a fine sense of anticipation and expertise appropriate to the occasion. The Pilot needs to use his intuitive power to ‘veto’ the suggestions and indicators of automation. The Pilot needs to be a hard and intelligent taskmaster to get the best out of the tools of automation. Technically one may be a Pilot, but actually he needs to be a â€Å"Professor’ as well. Apart from the advancement in aviation technology, he must constantly update himself in related case studies of unfortunate air-mishaps, save-you techniques, analyze the error-situations, build the knowledge base, increase the level f confidence, and sharpen the skills. Learn the lifesaving tips and procedures, because the Pilot is directly responsible for saving the passengers and members of the crew from the moment of take-off till the point of landing. The other name for every automation system in the aircraft is safety system, to mention a few are,   vertical speed value, auto flight director system, flight path control, radio altitude, primary flight display, flight simulator training, aural alert, flight path parameters, aircraft flight operations, flight mode annunciation, vertical speed mode, wind sheer conditions, auto throttle systems, unsafe actions, flight management system, lateral navigation, crew errors, crew resource management, aircraft flight path, mode control panel, aircraft stall and flight operations managers. It is often said that the judgment of the human being is final over automation. It is not correct to say that automation is perfect, it is a reliable aide. But reliance is needs to be used with discretion. â€Å"†¦..the final authority for decision and action may be traded flexibly and dynamically between humans and automation, and that there can be cases in which automation may be given the final authority for ensuring the safety of a system.† (Inagaki, Toshiyuki) Human-centered automation is the demand of the modern technologically advanced system. What will be human life without automation is too difficult to imagine. Human being is first among the equals—that is the position and importance of automation now. The power exercised by automation is so much that the interaction is highly complicated. It is the tough bargain between the two, and therefore, authority-designing and sharing is a difficult   but inevitable task. A practical example of safety system in aircraft automation: An important example of the authority sharing between the Pilot and automation is the Cockpit Task Management (CTM) The Pilot has to perform many functions simultaneously for safe and efficient flying in a modern aircraft. Statistics relating to air crashes reveal that pilot error is responsible for about 65% of such incidents. Of them, significant errors relate to undertaking cockpit tasks. â€Å"The cockpit is an environment, in which potentially many important tasks compete for pilot attention at any given time. Cockpit Task Management (CTM) is the process by which pilots selectively attend to tasks in such a way as to achieve the mission goal. It determines which of perhaps many concurrent tasks the pilot(s) attend to at any particular point in time. More specifically, CTM entails initiation of new tasks, monitoring of on-going tasks to determine their status; prioritization of tasks based on their importance, status, urgency, and other factors; allocation of human and machine r esources to high priority tasks; interruption and subsequent resumption of lower priority tasks; and termination of tasks that are completed or no longer relevant.† (Funk, Ken)   The findings of a research study conducted by NASA, do not speak well for the automation. On classification of the twenty eight incident reports, from the advanced technology sample and 15 from the traditionally sample, startling results emerged relating to task prioritization errors. The conclusion is obvious. CTM is more challenging and n prone to errors in advanced technology aircraft in comparison to the traditional technology aircraft. Aircraft automation is fine, but it has telling mind-level effects as for the Pilot. Mainly it is the question of budgeting the ‘available time’ with the Pilot, in a given situation. What is equally important is not only the outer mechanism, which is the fruit of automation, but the internal mechanism of the Pilot using the tools of automation. Now the question is how to drive the CTM process to functionally perfect level.   Attention is being diverted to other areas of human personality like sociology, psychology and cognitive science research. Tools of better understanding will have to be rediscovered and proper procedures for their functional application is made aware of. The training to the Pilot needs to be suitably remodeled to make him not only a perfect Aviation Engineer, but also a perfect human being. A balanced human being, who has the capacity to work to perfection, under stressful conditions! Technological advancement is throwing one more serious problem to the safety system in aircraft automation. This time, the challenge is coming from the most unexpected corner. Very Light Jets (VLJ) will come soon, to claim airspace. Will the domestic airspace sufficient to make room for these Jets? From where will the experienced pilots arrive to handle the automaton systems? Jet aircraft weighing 10,000 pounds or less maximum certificated takeoff weight and certificated for single pilot operations. These aircraft will possess at least some of the following features: (1) advanced cockpit automation, such as moving map GPS and multi-function displays; (2) automated engine and systems management; and (3) integrated auto flight, autopilot and flight-guidance systems. (Straight,Bill) And the aircrafts are arriving like an avalanche! In USA, in the next ten years, 4500 additional aircrafts will arrive. Then projection is 300% increase by the year 2025. The burden seems to be too much to handle for the present air traffic control system. Safety systems are going to be tested to the brink. The following Organizations joined together and gave the recommendations in their â€Å"NBAA Training Guidelines for Single Pilot Operations of Very Light Jets and Technically Advanced Aircraft.† NBAA Safety Committee, FAA/Industry Training Standards, Adam Aircraft, Cessna Aircraft Company, Eclipse Aviation, Insurance underwriters, and Training providers This NBAA guideline offers minimum pilot qualifications to include a Private pilot license, multi-engine rating, and instrument rating. Skills and prior knowledge of basic auto flight procedures, basic FMS (Flight Management Systems), and weather radar were also recommended. The need for a mentor pilot is also indicated. Topmost priority is given to the safety system in these aircrafts which have a high degree of automation can be judged from what is further said in the report: â€Å"mentors should be selected from experienced pilots that have ATPs and are type rated in jet aircraft that have technically advanced systems similar to the VLJ in which they will mentor. The prospective mentor needs to be recognized by both the aircraft manufacturer and the insurance underwriter as meeting these criteria. In addition, it is recommended that a training program on the specific aircraft in which they will mentor be completed.†(Straight,Bill) The former and retired airline pilots have a fresh lease of service life. Their fight experience and airline based training gives authenticity to the aspect of safety. The insurance underwriters feel more confident. Safety is the topmost priority in the next wave in aviation. No one concerned is prepared to make any compromise on the issue of automation-related safety. â€Å"The nations air traffic control system is responsible for managing a complex mixture of air traffic from commercial, general, corporate, and military aviation. Despite the strong safety record achieved over the last several decades, the system does suffer occasional serious disruption, often the result of outdated and failed equipment. When equipment failures occur, the safety of passengers and airplanes depends entirely on the skills of controllers and pilots.† (Wickens, Christopher) Conclusion: Automation proposals do raise the concern that automation may compromise the safety system. Any new system should     be such that it should not marginalize the human controller’s ability to take right corrective steps at the right time. Disruptions do not occur always. But when they occur, the alternative remedy provided should be foolproof and must work instantly. The skill of the pilot in times of danger is much more than the ability of all the control systems put together. Automation should lessen the burden of the pilot and certainly not increase his mental pressure. The volume of information is not important for him; the quality of information is!

Coppola essays

Coppola essays Brando's raspy-voiced role (later to be mimicked by a host of impersonators) was difficult in one respect for Coppola in that the actor was 47 at the time, much too young for the aging Mafia don. The problem was solved by makeup expert Dick Smith, who has accomplished similar wonders in The Exorcist (1973) and in Little Big Man (1970), where he aged Dustin Hoffman to 100 years old. Smith added wrinkles to Brando's skin by applying liquid latex, especially around the eyes and nose. A leathery appearance was achieved the same way, along with loose flesh and bags beneath the eyes. He imparted olive skin tones to give Brando a Mediterranean appearance. A special denture was inserted along his lower jawline to make the actor's jaw jut out in a completely different bite and to cause his cheeks to sag. He then stuffed the actor's cheeks with a gummy substance to affect heavy jowls, and it was this device that altered the actor's appearance drastically, giving rise to wild speculation that B rando spent hours stuffing his cheeks with cotton, facial tissue, and newspapers. The film is darkCoppola had cinematographer Gordon Willis deliberately underlight each scene; the mood is dark; and the climax, in which Michael indulges in an orgy of blood vengeance, would simply be horrific, were it not for the ironic melodies of the Rota score, which underline the humane sensibilities of the storyteller and keep us at an appropriate distance. And this points to Coppola's greatest achievement with THE GODFATHER; he simultaneously presents us with two views of the Corleone family. We see it from within, sympathizing with the motives and dilemmas of these very real, attractive and charismatic individuals; and we see it from without, in a state of suspended disgust at a moral code that knows only greed and blood. The Godfather is an insightful sociological study of violence, power, honor and obligation, corruption, justice and crime in America.The film ...

The Definition of the Phrase Slut Shaming

The Definition of the Phrase Slut Shaming ÑSlut shaming is the deliberate act of calling a woman a slut, a whore or impugning her character in sexual terms in order to embarrass, humiliate, intimidate, degrade or shame her for actions or behaviors that are a normal part of female sexuality. Although the act of slut-shaming is not exclusive to either gender, females of every age from girls to adults often engage in slut-shaming to put down or express contempt for another female. Slut-shaming is often associated with mean girl behavior but is not restricted to that age group. A slut-shaming story from a personal blog illustrates how this practice can happen in the unlikeliest of settings: [O]ne church member...called another member a slut because of the latter’s shoes (which had been part of a Halloween costume) with stiletto heels. It was a joke...[which] hints at the truth...that even if you are a good Christian, if you also happen to be wearing certain clothes, you will be stigmatized sexually if you are a woman. Slut shaming entered the public consciousness in 2010 due to two separate events: the suicide of Phoebe Prince, a high school student who was so humiliated by her classmates that she hanged herself; and the 2010 midterm election in which two Congressional candidates, Christine ODonnell, and Krystal Ball, were attacked by the website Gawker which published an anonymous tell-all about a night spent with ODonnell and candid photos of Ball at a Christmas party posing with sex toys. Slut shaming was also depicted in the CBS series The Good Wife when a female candidates breast augmentation surgery was revealed by her male opponent. In the episode which originally aired November 9, 2010, the candidate directly addressed the situation and revealed she was a breast cancer survivor who had kept her double mastectomy a secret and was having breast reconstructive surgery following cancer treatment.

Management and Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Management and Leadership - Essay Example This essay discusses and analyzes the importance of corporate social responsibility and personal values such as instrumental and terminal values, ten ethical principles of such corporations, corporate philanthropy and others learnt during the management class. These concepts described in th essay are applied and incorporated in the answers to different questions of the case â€Å"The Housewife Who Got up off the Couch†. In the case â€Å"The Housewife who got up the Couch†, the concept of enlightened self-interest becomes evident when Eleanor Josaitis started supporting Martin Luther King and human rights activists. The researcher have concluded in the essay that the terminal values of Eleanor Josaitis are ‘a comfortable life, ‘a sense of accomplishment’, ‘a world at peace’, ‘Equality’, ‘Freedom’, ‘Happiness’ and ‘Social Recognition’. The researcher also describes the work of Focus: Hope organization with more than 500 employees and a large pool of volunteers who value altruism and philanthropy and who are involved in self-sacrifice for the sake of humanity. In addition, it is stated that ethics and moral behavior is, however, essential to reach the pinnacle of success because it always pays in the long run. Whereas, to conclude those who pay more attention to short-term gains through crimes and violation of ethical principles suffer losses like the great Martha Stewart whose indulgence in ‘insider trading scandal’ dilapidated her career and her phenomenal business achievements.

Pproperty investment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Pproperty investment - Essay Example In the past three years, as compared to the previous three years, Property Unit Trust (PUTs) which is a pooled property fund in UK had raised more than ? 7.7 billion of new investment, which is more than six times of the net investments received. In the year 2006 alone, property funds have received ? 3.6 billion into property funds. (Bottle & Key 2007). Thus, indirect investment in UK is gaining momentum and this research essay researches into various features of the same in detail. Analysis of indirect investments in real estates in UK â€Å"Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT)† Sampson (2010, p 50) states that â€Å"Real Estate Investment Trust â€Å"surprisingly established very late in certain markets like UK. It took nearly five decades to introduce REITs in UK after it was introduced 1960 in US market. The fundamental concept of a REIT is spotless as investors are expected to invest in an investment vehicle and then later, fund will go for shopping and invest in various top notched prime properties. Thus, a participating interest in a portfolio of tangible assets by an investor is mirrored by a share owned in REITs. Madlem & Sykes (2000, p 284) argue that REITs are trusts or publicly traded companies that coalesce the investments of many investors for the purchase, development and administration of commercial real estate. A REIT is like a mutual fund which is meant for real estate investment only. Investors are benefited from the professionally diversified, managed portfolios and REITs shares are traded on national stock exchanges. RIETs have surfaced as a significant financial intermediary and still in the developing process in the field of domestic capital markets of UK. Due to high dividend yields in RIETs sector, investors are more attracted, which is higher than those offered by government securities. Madlem & Sykes (2000, p 284) are of the opinion that REITs are always a preferred investment destination to investors as it offers higher yield s and also since real estate’s have customarily been a good performer even during inflationary phases. Real estate companies, which see this as a passionate source of low-cost capital that could be made in the capital markets and later could reap huge capital appreciation due to increase in prices of properties. Thus, this has resulted in rapid growth on the part of real estate companies, and investors enjoyed a record-breaking growth rate in the REITs. Block (2006, p 8) stresses that REITs have offered individual investors all over UK with a mean to purchase shopping malls, skyscrapers, apartment buildings, hotel and any variety of commercial real estate one can imagine of. REITs offer the predictable and steady cash flow from the leases of real estates, but with advantages of liquidity of a common stock. As part of their ongoing real estate business, REITs usually offer access to capital, which can be employed to purchase additional properties. Madlem & Sykes (2000, p284) a rgues that an investment in real estate has been always regarded as a solid investment. However, like all other assets, it travels in cycles. Due to the global economic crisis in 2007, the commercial real estate around the globe including UK witnessed serious setbacks. As a result, new construction activities have come to stand still. This

Iran-Contra affair Essay Example for Free

Iran-Contra affair Essay The United States became a child of the enlightenment with the birth of its diplomacy in the modern world with an exceptionalist self perception. Its diplomacy was reinforced with a moral force owing to its messianic tendencies during its initial visions. The goals of the nation were unambiguously articulated in the early works of the States and the Republic. These writings formed the foundation of United States identity, making it stands out among the other nations of the world. By the principles upon which the nation was founded, high levels of integrity were to be observed among its citizens and officials. As such, transparency and accountability were meant to be the guiding principles of all public office holders. The role of the leaders was to act in the interest of the subjects and the interest of the nation. According to Ryan, the fundamental to democratic theory is the idea that the legitimacy of a government is founded on the consent of the governed. Practically, this was not extended to all the governed, but to the citizens, to those who had stakes in society. Even then, issues concerning policy must be agreed upon by the citizens through their representatives. The strength of the basic principles upon which the United States were founded has been tested ever since the birth of the nation. There have been significant constructions that have remained potent forces throughout the United States policy making in the twentieth century. The development of collective memories and ideological assumptions that form the reference points in United States diplomacy is among these forces. Again, the basis of a sphere of influence approach to policy making and the way in which the various universal ambitions are influenced by practical necessity or the incapability to further the sphere unchallenged also remained a potent force in United States policy making. It therefore comes as a surprise that the very principles that form the basis of the American strength are blatantly abused by the very individuals and officials meant to protect them. The Iran-Contra Affair is an example of this gross violation of the American principles. Background The relationship between the United States and Iran has not been good since the 1979 Iranian Revolution. As such, the relations have been anything but poor. It therefore comes as a surprise if claims begin to circulate to the effect that the two countries are having some form of arms deal. A Lebanese weekly, on November 3, 1986, reported that the United States had made a secret arms sale to Iran. Reports that followed suggested that the aim of the sales was to secure the release of American citizens that had been taken captive in Lebanon. The reports were difficult to believe as the Reagan administrations policy on arms sale especially to the Government of Khomeini of Iran was only rivaled by a few on strictness. Initially, the United States government denied the reports. However, the truth of the claims was revealed later in the month just as had been stated by the weekly. The United States had indeed sold weapons to Iran so as to secure the release of American hostages in Lebanon. As much as the weapons were sold to Iran, the number of American hostages in Lebanon remained the same. Three hostages were released and three more were taken captive during the period of the sales. The fact of the sale was proved even further when the Attorney General announced on November 25 that the proceeds from the Iran arms sale will be channeled to the Nicaraguan resistance. This happed at a time when the United States military aid to the Contras was prohibited. Iran and Nicaragua were thus brought together in a credibility crisis that posed serious questions about the adherence of Reagans administration to the constitutional process of the government. During the 1980s, Iran and Nicaragua had posed serious challenges to the United States foreign policy. The propriety and legality of the actions taken by the staff of the National Security Council and other government officers with regard to the sale of the arms and the secret assistance to the Contras raised deep concerns among the members of the Public and Congress. The United States assistance to the Contras was not a new issue as the Congress and the President had engaged in serious debate concerning the proper course of United States policy with Congress resolving to bar support of Contra military operation for almost two years. Senior government officials had also reiterated the administrations willingness to abide by the law. The United States foreign policy and the democratic rule of law came to be faced by such serious implications by the Iran-Contra Affair that the 100th Congress rooted to undertake its own investigation of the Affair. Origin The Iran-Contra Affair can be traced in two unrelated revolutions in Iran and Nicaragua. In 1979, the government of General Debayle in Nicaragua was overthrown and replaced by a government controlled by Sandinista leftists. During the same year in Iran, the pro-Western government of Pahlavi was overthrown by Islamic fundamentalists let by Ayatollah Khomeini. The Khomeini government allegedly became a supporter of terrorism against the citizens of United States. Following the revolution in Nicaragua, the United States policy towards the Sandinista government was such as to encourage it to keep its pledges of pluralism and democracy. However, this government became increasingly autocratic and anti-American. Nicaraguan government begun aiding a leftist insurgency in El Salvador, turned toward the communist countries of Cuba and Soviet Union for political, military and economic assistance. The United States, by December 1981, had started to support the Nicaraguan Contras. The CIA was the United states government agency that assisted the Contras, arming, feeding and clothing them in accordance with presidential decisions and funds appropriated by Congress. However, the contras failed to win widespread support or military victories despite this support. As much as the United States president continued to favor support of Contras, the majority of the public were opposed to it. Those who did not support Contras feared that the involvement of the United States with the Contras might lead it to a similar situation experienced in Vietnam. Its supporters on the other hand feared that the Soviets would have a dangerous hold in Central America without United states involvement. In 1983, Congress prohibited aid to contra for the purpose of overthrowing the Sandinista government. In 1984, it further limited aid to the Contras. The Congress later cut off all funds to the Contras following a disclosure that the CIA was involved in mining of the Nicaragua harbor without notifying Congress. The president however still felt strongly for the Contras and was therefore focused on keeping them alive . With this regard, he ordered his staff to device a way of keeping the Contras together which led to the NSC becoming operational entity that saw the secret running of the contra assistance effort, and later the Iran initiative. Having been denied funding from by the Congress, the president turned to private sources and third world countries. The president, together with the NSC secretly raised money from other countries to support the Contras. The Flaws Iran-Contra has two illusions at its heart. The first was that Iran would be easy to handle; and the second was that the Nicaraguan contras would save the United States from Communism. Both the illusions were destroyed in ways that showed how fragile the policies were and this occurred within a month of each other. At the beginning of the October 1986, a supply aircraft carrying weapons to the contras was shot down by the Sandinistas. On November 3, a Lebanese weekly magazine carried the story of United States dealings with Iran. With this revelation, it did not appear ordinary that the United States government was involved in either operation. However, the truth of the matter was that the United States was directly involved in both the events. It cannot be denied that the common characteristic of the Iran and Contra policies were deception, secrecy and contempt of the law. There existed a small clique of senior officials who believed that they were the only individuals who knew what was right. They conceived knowledge of their actions by other individuals in the government as a threat to their objectives. The American people, the Congress and the Secretary of State were not enlightened on the actions of these people. The official documents were destroyed when there was a threat to expose their plans. Cabinet officials, elected representatives in congress and the public were told lies. Key facts were also hidden to the president. The United States constitution is particular on the process by which laws and policy are to be made and executed. The essence of the American democracy is the constitutional process, which is also the foundation of its strength. Experience and common sense have shown that flawed process leads to bad results. The departure of Reagans administration from democratic process established the conditions for policy failure which resulted in contradictions that undermined United States credibility. United States went after two contradictory foreign policies simultaneously, a public and a secret one. The public policy was opposed to making any concessions for the release of hostages for fear of such concessions encouraging more hostage taking. At the same time, the United states was secretly trading weapons to secure the release of the hostages. The public policy was meant to ban the shipment of arms to Iran and to exhort other governments to observe this embargo. At the same time, the United States was secretly selling sophisticated missiles to Iran. The public policy was also meant to improve relations with Iraq. The United States was on the other hand shared intelligence on Iraq with Iran secretly. The public policy was also to encourage all governments to punish terrorism and to support the refusal of Kuwait to set free the Dawa prisoners convicted of terrorist acts. Senior officials at the same time secretly endorsed a Second-Hakim plan to allow Iran to secure the release of the prisoners. The letter and spirit of the Boland Amendment that barred military and paramilitary assistance to the contras was to be observed by the public policy. The NSC staff was secretly directed and funded the military efforts of contra. The administration was also meant to consult with the Congressional oversight committee with regard to covert activities in a â€Å"a new spirit of frankness and cooperation† . The CIA and the White House were on the other hand secretly withheld all information about the Iran initiative and contra support network from the committees. Covert operations were to be conducted mainly through the CIA or other organs of the intelligence community authorized by the president. However, even though the NSC was not authorized, its staff secretly became operational and employed private, non-accountable agents to account in covert activities. All these contradictions in policy resulted in policy failure. Iran was armed by the United States, together with its most radical elements. However, the United States neither attained a new relationship with Iran nor reduced the number of American hostages in Lebanon. The sale of the arms did not result in the moderation of Iranian policies. Iran up to the present moment still sponsors actions that are directed against the United States in the Persian Gulf. The United states made itself vulnerable to blackmail by adversaries who were likely to reveal the secret arms sale. The credibility of the United States with allies and friends was undermined by its position of opposing arms sale to Iran while doing the same herself in secret. An illicit funding was sought by the United States for the contras through profits from secret arms sale with the considerable amount ending up in the personal bank accounts of the private individuals who executed the sales. The Iran-Contra Affair also indicates a serious flaw in policymaking process. The highest level of the United States government was marked by confusion and disarray. Under total misapprehension, McFarlane set on a dangerous trip to Tehran . He assumed that the Iranians had promised to secure the release of the American hostages before the delivery of arms while on the contrary, they had only promised to seek the release of the hostages after the arms had arrived. Initially, the president told the Tower Board that he had approved the first Israeli shipments. He then denied then finally said that he did not know whether he had approved the arms shipment as his top advisors were not in agreement on the issue. He also claimed that he did not recall signing a Finding approving the shipment to Iran. However, Poindexters testimony was on the contrary. The American public was incorrectly assured by the president that the NSC staff was adhering to the law and that there was no connection between the government of the United States and the Hasenfus airplane. His staff was on the other hand conducting a covert operation to support the Contras. Another striking feature of the Iran-Contra Affair was that it was marked by pervasive dishonesty and excessive secrecy. The Congress and the American people were constantly and repeatedly told lies about the contra covert action and Iran arms sales. North admitted to altering and destroying official documents. Conclusion Any public official must work on behalf of the state and thus, any action must be directed towards furthering the ideals of the state. As such, the public must be informed of the whatever is going on. Democracy dictates that the representatives of the people must be involved in the decision making process. The nations foreign policy makers act on behalf of the state. Even then, the citizens must be made known the implications and goals of certain actions that are being taken by the state. The Iran-Contra affair, in the contrary, operated against this principle. The affair would have fallen under the broad foreign policy, which was however not the case as it was carried out in secret. As much as policy makers have an interest in maintaining and advancing their domestic political positions, they must also seek to advance the interest of the state internationally. However, the Reagan administration locked policy makers out of the affair which may have led to its failure. The fact is that the administration well knew the consequences of their action and went ahead to carry it out secretly. The administration knew it would lose favor among the citizens if they went ahead and carried out the operations even after Congress was opposed to it. Given the desire for political survival, the administration pretended to be concerned with the domestic impact of the various options that it had. Behind the scenes, it went ahead with its initial plans with no regard for the congress and the public. This in itself was a mockery of democracy.

A Silent Epidemic: Eating Disorders among College Women :: Essays Papers

A Silent Epidemic: Eating Disorders among College Women For Jennifer Keagan, high school was a thrill. She was one of the most popular girls in school. She was valedictorian, homecoming queen, student body president, an honor roll student, and the list goes on. She always strived for perfection. Life was easy for Jennifer. She always got what she wanted. Unfortunately, this all came to a halt when it was time for her to face an all new reality: college. Jennifer was no longer around her friends and family. She was on her own now, and realized that college wasn’t as easy as high school like she thought it would be. It was all too overwhelming for her. She became lonely and couldn’t adjust to the college lifestyle. Eventually food became her new-found friend. She would consume large amounts of food and then feel guilty about eating so much, and throw it up. This scenario became a habit for her. It consoled her. Sadly, this is a problem several college females struggle with everyday. This problem is known as a n eating disorder. Eating disorders arise when young college women face new challenges or changes that they just can’t handle. Eating disorders have been increasing among college women. Every student enters college with different feelings and emotions. Some are excited and some are worried and afraid. The College Student Journal maintains that most college women â€Å"must adjust to being away from home for the first time, maintain a high level of academic achievement, and adjust to a new social environment† (Ross, Niebling, and Heckert, 1999, p.1). The transition from high school to college can prove to be stressful to most. Furthermore, â€Å"transitions present young women with challenges that expose both their vulnerabilities and their strengths† (qtd. in Knowlton 2). Many people view the changes associated with college as enjoyable learning experiences in preparation for the â€Å"real world,† while others see the new changes as dreadfully distressing occurrences. However, no matter what beliefs a student has entering college, that student should know that there RA is there to help them with their changeover into a new environment. Bulimia nervosa, anorexia nervosa, and binge eating, also called compulsive overeating, are three major categories of eating disorders that often infest college campuses around the world.

Analyse Lady Macbeth and Macbeth’s relationship Essay

To analyse Lady Macbeth and Macbeth’s relationship throughout the play and how this changes, I am going to first describe them at the start of the play, then pick key scenes which show well the change and are strong and highly dramatic. At the start of the play, Macbeth is a well-respected warrior who is well liked by Duncan. He is already Thane of Glamis and one of the first things that happen in the play is that he is made Thane of Cawdor. This is a great honour and he is highly favoured by the King. He seems to be doing well for himself. Lady Macbeth is his wife, who is also well liked. As a couple, they are in a strong marriage. They have had children, however we do not see them or hear much about them in the play. Lady Macbeth loves Macbeth a lot, but she is very ambitious. This leads to being a contributing factor to his downfall. The first scene I am going to analyse is Act I Scene VII. In this scene, Lady Macbeth is trying to persuade Macbeth to murder King Duncan. The scene opens with a long and important soliloquy from Macbeth that adds to the dramatic tension of the play. Here, Macbeth is having second thoughts. He is thinking about what would happen to him if he were caught, and what he ought to be doing as a friend of the king. He recognises the fact that he has no reason to kill the king, and knows he would be wrong to do so. In very eloquent, heightened language, referring a lot to the supernatural, he describes how awful it would be to murder Duncan, what a horrible deed he is about to commit. This is the first real sign of a human side to Macbeth, showing that he still cares and would not just murder Duncan without a second thought or any sort of a conscience. It shows that he is still human, not yet a ruthless, murdering monster, and this adds to the drama as he hesitates, then changes his mind. When Lady Macbeth enters, he is strong and decided, telling her in a definite tone that We will proceed no further in this business, and gives her his reasons. She replies by attacking his manhood, his courage and bravery. She bombards him with insults, overwhelming him and leaving him unable to fight her. He defends himself in a short sentence or two, before she carries on. This time she uses his children against him in her argument, telling him that, while breastfeeding her own child, she would have killed it if she had so promised to him that she would. This is important in showing the way the audience see Lady Macbeth, because this cruel, harsh way of addressing him makes the audience almost hate her. She is using a feminine, maternal image in a horrific way against Macbeth in order to get her own way. Macbeth is now almost convinced, so Lady Macbeth becomes very pragmatic now, taking a different approach. She assures him they won’t fail, and tells him exactly how they will carry out the murder. At this point in the play, she is definitely the stronger of the two, the driving force in the marriage, and Macbeth is full of admiration for her. She now has him so convinced that he again promises to her that he will kill Duncan. The scene ends in a decided, strong way with a rhyming couplet: False face must hide what the false heart doth know. This quote adds emphasis to the scene, and brings in the theme of pretence. The scene works particularly well because the stereotype of a married couple is reversed in this scene. The stereotype would be that the male is the stronger character, more practical, and making the majority of decisions, and the female is the one who is swayed by emotions, who has a conscience, and is gentler. However, here Lady Macbeth is the strong, driving force: ruthless, not at all emotional or feminine, and Macbeth is weaker, easily swayed by his wife. This role reversal adds drama and irony to the scene. Lady Macbeth is completely in control at this point in the play, and Macbeth seems to be fairly on top of the situation as well. As of yet, they have not lost control, or their sanity. The next scene I am going to analyse is Act III Scene IV. By this point in the play, Macbeth has murdered Duncan and is now King. In this scene, Macbeth is holding a banquet for all the Thanes and well-respected people of the land. The scene is full of pretence and hypocrisy, as Macbeth has just had Banquo murdered. It is a highly dramatic scene, and is a turning point in the play for Macbeth. The banquet starts well. Macbeth and Lady Macbeth are in control of the situation, and are managing to act as a gracious host and his loving wife, speaking very eloquently and politely to their guests. Then one of Banquo’s murderers comes to the door, and things get more complicated. It is now harder for Macbeth to stay in control, but he manages and goes to the door to speak to the murderer. The way Macbeth speaks then shows that he is becoming scared, and starting to be paranoid that everyone is trying to overthrow him. A good quote to show how he feels is I am cabin’d, cribb’d, confin’d, bound in. He feels restricted and oppressed, like he can’t enjoy his kingship for all the threats. Becoming king seems like an empty victory, because it is Banquo’s line, not his, who eventually come to the throne. It is this feeling of oppression that spurs Macbeth to murder more and more people, trying to protect his kingship; therefore this feeling contributes eventually to his downfall. Macbeth finishes speaking with the murderer. Lady Macbeth politely reminds him that he has abandoned his guests, who as yet do not suspect anything, and he returns to the banquet. It is then that Macbeth sees Banquo’s ghost, sat in his place at the table. He is the only one who can see it, and in his exclamations he says some incriminating things, like Thou canst not say I did it. Lady Macbeth tries to cover this up by telling the guests that Macbeth has fits, it is an illness he has had since being young. She tells them to take no notice, and to carry on with the banquet. Although she doesn’t understand what is wrong with Macbeth, she is hanging on to control of the situation. The scene is difficult for Lady Macbeth, as she is tested to the limit by being forced to play two roles: one as a host, unable to show anything which may create suspicions leading to their being found out, and another as Macbeth’s loving wife, concerned for him. She needs to find out what has happened to make Macbeth act like he is and help him to regain his composure, but cannot let the guests know they have murdered Duncan, or indeed that Macbeth has murdered Banquo. Lady Macbeth takes Macbeth aside, and scalds him. She is trying to mock him into being ashamed of his behaviour, and control things in the way she did when she persuaded him to murder Duncan. However, this time it does not work, as she has no power to affect this situation. There follows an embarrassing period of time where Macbeth says some incriminating things, and Banquo’s ghost appears and disappears in such a way that it seems to be mocking Macbeth. In the end, Lady Macbeth has to abort the banquet and send all the guests home for fear that they will start to ask too many questions and they will be found out. Macbeth and his wife speak for a while, before going to bed. Macbeth endures the death of Banquo because of his ghost. He compares murdering his best friend to all those he killed in battle. He has never been bothered by ghosts before, and is scared by this haunting. At one point during his ranting, he lists large and frightening animals: bear, tiger, and rhinoceros, and says how he would rather face any of these than the Unreal mockery of Banquo’s ghost. Later, when talking to Lady Macbeth, he acknowledges the fact that he will suffer for murdering Banquo. The supernatural are going to avenge Banquo’s death, and Macbeth cannot do anything about it. Other things that are revealed when Macbeth is talking to Lady Macbeth are that he has become very suspicious and has spies in all the Thanes’ castles. He is starting to be paranoid that everyone is out to get him, and is trying to protect his kingship. This is affecting him mentally, as he is never really at rest by the end of the play for looking over his shoulder all the time. He tells Lady Macbeth he will go to see the witches tomorrow. It seems that he no longer trusts anyone- except for the witches, whom he trusts completely. They are the least helpful characters he could possibly find, as they are only out to meddle in men’s lives, causing amusement for themselves and downfall for Macbeth. He believes they will help him, but they won’t. Putting all his trust in the witches is dangerous for Macbeth, as they lead him to believe he is invincible, which later causes him to take stupid risks. Lady Macbeth also mentions that he has not been sleeping well lately, which will be adding to his fragile state of mind. Sleep is strong theme in the play, because Duncan was murdered in his sleep, and now Macbeth is lacking sleep. Sleep is needed, it is essential for a healthy lifestyle, and without it, Macbeth and Lady Macbeth suffer. Macbeth knows he has done a lot of horrific deeds now, but he is also aware that: I am in blood Stepp’d in so far that, should I wade no more, Returning were as tedious as go o’er. So Macbeth is starting to regret his actions, but also knows he cannot do anything now except to continue. This adds to his recklessness towards the end of the play, as he seems not to have any other option now, so it doesn’t really matter anyway. He finishes the scene by saying We are yet but young in deed, which is a strong and dramatic prediction and a good way to end the scene. By this time in the play, communication is starting to break down between Lady Macbeth and Macbeth- as shown by the fact that Lady Macbeth knew nothing of Macbeth’s plans to murder Banquo- and their strong marriage is starting to split and fall apart. By the end of the play, Lady Macbeth and Macbeth have grown so far apart that I am going to analyse each of them separately in different scenes: Lady Macbeth in Act V Scene I, and Macbeth in Act V Scene III. By the end of the play Lady Macbeth is a total wreck. She sleepwalks, and is constantly troubled by the actions of her husband. In Act V Scene I, she is sleepwalking, observed by a doctor and a gentlewoman. She acts as if she is washing her hands, rubbing them together in her sleep, trying to get the blood of the king off them. This symbolises that she does not feel free of the guilt for murdering Duncan. She says in her sleep, Will these hands neer be clean? and, All the perfumes of Arabia will not sweeten this little hand. This is ironic as, just after having murdered Duncan, she assures Macbeth that, A little water clears us of this deed. This brings in yet another theme of the play, water. Throughout the scene, Lady Macbeth speaks in prose, the lower-class language. This is a contrast to the rest of the play, which is in blank verse, with the occasional rhyming couplet. This reflects the difference in Lady Macbeth from the strong character she was at the start of the play. Another point to be made about the way in which Lady Macbeth speaks is the subject of her speech. She darts from subject to subject, from one time in the past to another, very quickly, making it hard to follow what she is saying. This disjointed, nonsensical speech reflects her troubled mind and demonstrates quite how much she has had to deal with. As the doctor says, More needs she the divine than the physician, as Lady Macbeth has suffered a mental breakdown, and it seems that no mortal can help her now. The contrast between this weak, broken character now, and the strong, decisive character we saw at the start of the play, adds a massive amount of drama and effect to the play. As for Macbeth, he too is now a completely different character to the well-respected, fairly rational warrior we saw at the start of the play. His paranoia has developed into a fear and mistrust of everyone except the witches, as we saw halfway through the play. He has put all his trust in the witches’ prophesies that he will not be beaten: For none of woman born Shall harm Macbeth and, Macbeth shall never vanquish’d be until Great Birnam Wood to high Dunsinane Hill Shall come against him. Because of what he has heard from the witches, Macbeth honestly believes himself to be invincible. This means he is ready to take all sorts of silly risks. In this scene, Macbeth is in his castle at Dunsinane, and an army of the English and all his flown Thanes, led by Macduff and Malcolm, are about to attack him. For the majority of the scene, Macbeth spends his time mocking all his servants, and those who bring reports to him of the advancing army. He scorns them for showing their fear, and boasts that he is unbeatable. He is confident, arrogant, and defiant in that he refuses to be afraid. However, all his confidence relies totally on the witches’ prophesies being true. He insults the Thanes, seeming not at all bothered by the fact that they have all deserted him, and the odds are stacked against him winning the battle. A mad bravery has possessed Macbeth. In amongst all his fighting talk, there is a quiet, reflective moment where it is revealed that Macbeth is lonely, and he misses having true friends, instead of all the mouth-honour he receives as king. He realises that he has lost everything he ever had, because he sacrificed so much to become king. However he also knows that, win or lose, he will have to carry on now, because he seems not to have any choice. Macbeth then sees the doctor, and asks How does your patient, doctor?. This quote demonstrates how distant Macbeth now is from Lady Macbeth, that he refers to her in such a way. He still cares about her, but never spends any time with her any more, and she is more of an afterthought, not really his wife any more. He asks the doctor to do all he can to make her better, because he still wants her to be all right. The marriage which was so strong at the start of the play has now broken apart completely, to the point that Macbeth and Lady Macbeth never speak to each other any more. In the end, Lady Macbeth commits suicide because she is so unhappy, and Macbeth does not even have time to grieve for his wife, because he is so preoccupied by the battle and his own affairs. So what caused the difference in their relationship? The first contributing factor is right near the start of the play when Macbeth murders Duncan’s chamberlains without consulting Lady Macbeth. From then onwards, Macbeth starts to do things without consulting Lady Macbeth: murdering Banquo, and Macduff’s wife and children. This upsets Lady Macbeth because she loses control of the situation. She is very troubled by the murder of Macduff’s wife and children because as Thanes’ wives they would have been friends. Loss of communication between them affects them both, though Lady Macbeth more than Macbeth. Also deprivation of sleep plays a big part in each of their mental states, and each of them feels a great guilt for their actions. Overall though, the main things that split up Lady Macbeth and Macbeth are lack of communication, and loss of control.

Macadams Case Study

This Increase was necessitated by the fact that Macadam's had embarked on an solution spree Ana required tons Tuning to secular Lavas Brothers In I-array 1996, as well as to fund the investment in new factories, land and distribution warehouses across the country. The short term debt had increased by 229%. This increase would have been necessary to fund their working capital obligations, as short term debt is significantly more expensive to service than long term debt. Despite the massive increase in debt, the interest cover ratio is still healthy.This however, is not a cash based ratio and gives us no indication as to whether the many is able to make its cash payments to service the increased quantities of debt. The current ratio and quick ratio gives us an indication of the company's ability to repay its short term debt. Macadam's have a very high current ratio, which shows that on the accrual basis the company's short term assets are readily available to pay off its short term lia bilities. The inventory on hand days have increased, together with the debtor's collection period.This further exacerbates the cash flow problems as their cash is tied up in working capital. The longer collection period is probably indicative of more relaxed reedit terms – while this may boost sales and may well be a contributing factor to the increased turnover, it also presents a problem to the businesses scofflaws as well as an increased bad debt risk. Both the fixed asset turnover and total asset turnover have declined, due to an increased asset base resultant from large acquisitions in the current year, as well as the inability to use these assets as efficiently as possible.This is supported by the increased profit margin discussed below. Profitability The business displayed healthy turnover, which increased by 58. 5% from the prior ear. The group is obviously doing well in terms of growth, but perhaps they were trying to grow too fast. A 58. 5% increase in turnover cann ot be sustainable without a strong balance sheet to support it. The turnover growth in the current year (1996) was largely attributable to surging demand for their products, a favorable exchange rate for their exports and acquisitions of businesses which complement their existing operations.Their operating margin was up from 10. 8% to 14. 9% showing that the company was operating more efficiently. Net profit margin increased from 7. 4% to 8. 5%. Not only were they boosting turnover, they were also managing to increase their margins. Total net profit attributable to shareholders was up 81% from the prior year. Cash flow From the ratio analysis above as well inspection of the face of the income statement, Macadam's appear to be making higher sales and larger profits off of these sales. Upon inspection of the cash flow statement, a different picture is seen.The large increase in working capital of 595% from R 2, 7 million to R 19 million, resulted in Macadam's Delve unmade to Tuna tene t operating Ana Investing satellites. I Nils introduction between the two statements highlights the increased profitability, but negative (and worsening) cash flows. A further draw-down of increased working capital cost is explained in the balance sheet with an increase in inventory of 66% (R 12 million) to meet consumer demand which was funded out of cash resources as well as increased debtors of 129% (R 15 million) due to increased credit sales.Furthermore, creditors increased by 87% (R 8 million), which only partially offset the increase in current assets. Conclusion Macadam's is earning high sales and profits, but has serious cash flow problems I. . The business is too successful, as they are trying to grow too quickly. Cash is seen to be the lifeblood of a business and the accrual of accounting profits are meaningless unless they are converted into cash flow.There are certain options available to overcome this problem, being: ; Cutting back on growth (which is never popular) ; Increasing borrowings (which wouldn't be a wise choice, as the movement in the cash-flow statement shows an inability to service current interest payments) ; Improving working capital management (which would necessitate a cut back in Roth) ; Arrange alternative financing (a reasonable solution by means of sale and leasebacks), or ; Issue more shares (which is what was chosen) Macadam's nearly failed as a business despite the fact that they had a successful idea and product that was in high demand.They resolved this by issuing more shares to institutions for cash, as well to fund the acquisition of Livings Pros and other fixed property acquired. They also recommended a capitalization issue in lieu of cash dividends to retain as much cash reserves as possible. If I owned shares in this company at this point I would (buy/sell)

Symbols of the Greek God Apollo

Symbols of the Greek God Apollo Apollo is the Greek God of the sun, light, music, truth, healing, poetry, and prophesy, and one of the most well-known gods in Greek mythology. Known as the ideal of youth and athleticism, Apollo is the son of the Zeus and Leto; and his twin sister, Artemis, is the goddess of the moon and the hunt. Like many of the Greek Gods, Apollo has many symbols. These symbols were usually associated with the great accomplishments those deities made or pertained to the domains over which they ruled. Symbols of  Apollo   Bow and arrowsThe lyreThe ravenRays of light radiating from his headBranch of laurelWreath What Apollos Symbols Mean Apollos silver bow and arrow represent his defeat of the monster Python (or Phython). Python was a serpent who lived near Delphi, considered the center of the earth. In a frenzy of jealousy over Zeus infidelity with Leda, Hera sent Python to chase Leto away: at the time, Leto was pregnant with the twins Apollo and Artemis, and their birth was delayed. When Apollo was grown, he shot the Python with arrows and took over Delphi as his own shrine. The bow and arrow symbol is also a reference to Apollo as the god of plagues who shot plague arrows at the enemy during the Trojan war. DEA / G. DAGLI ORTI / Getty Images The lyre- which is perhaps his most well-known symbol- signifies that Apollo is the god of music. In ancient myths, the god Hermes created the lyre and gave it to Apollo in exchange for the rod of health- or for the cows that the mischievous Hermes had stolen from Apollo. Apollos lyre has the power to turn items- like stones- into musical instruments. De Agostini / G. Nimatallah / Getty Images The raven is a symbol of Apollos anger. Once all ravens were white birds or so goes the myth, but after delivering bad news to the god he scorched the wings of the raven so that all ravens going forward were black. The bad news brought by the bird was that of the infidelity of his lover Coronis who, pregnant with Asclepius, fell in love and slept with Ischys. When the raven told Apollo of the affair, he became enraged that the bird had not pecked out Ischys eyes, and the poor raven was an early example of the messenger being shot. Tomisti / Wikimedia Commons  / CC BY-SA 3.0 Apollo God of the Sun The rays of light that radiate from Apollos head symbolize that he is the god of the sun. According to the Greek myth, each morning Apollo rides a golden flaming chariot across the sky bringing daylight to the world. In the evening his twin, Artemis, goddess of the moon, rides her own chariot across the sky bringing darkness.  Apollo is symbolized by rays of light. Corbis  / Getty Images The branch of laurels was actually something Apollo wore as a sign of his love for the demigod Daphne. Unfortunately, Daphne was cursed by the Goddess Eros to have a hatred of love and lust. It was an act of revenge against Apollo who claimed he was a better archer than Eros. Eventually, after Daphne grew tired of Apollos chasing she begged her father the river god Peneus for help. He turned Daphne was into a laurel tree to escape the love of Apollo. The laurel wreath that Apollo wears is a symbol of victory and honor, which was used in Greek times to identify the victors in athletic competitions, including the Olympics. Apollos wreath combines the laurel for Daphne, the coronal effect of the suns rays, and the beauty and power of young, beardless, athletic men.

How to Use the Skills Section on Your Resume

How to Use the Skills Section on Your Resume Personally, I like a tidy resume. I like my job descriptions to pull their weight, my education to speak for itself, and my cover letter to do most of the heavy lifting when it comes to describing the soft skills and experience that make me the best candidate for the job. But Danny Rubin over at SavvyIntern.com may have convinced me that a separate â€Å"Skills† section is worth its weight in resume real estate! First off, Rubin clarifies, personality traits are not skills. Your work ethic, your diligence, your optimism- these are terrific qualities, but they don’t belong in a list alongside technical expertise with Word, Photoshop, or Content Management Systems. Skills are â€Å"tangible, practical, hands-on, real world stuff† you have to learn how to do.The best part is that skills involving certifications or hours of practice show hiring managers that you’ve got a strong work ethic and time management skills!Consider featuring these types of skills:Proj ect management tools you know how to use (ex: Basecamp)Certifications you’ve completedSocial media channels you understand (but it’s not enough to say â€Å"Proficient at LinkedIn† - you need to go deeper like â€Å"Proficient at LinkedIn advertising† and provide info on a niche topic within the platform)Data analysis, fundraising, marketing, sales, or IT tools/softwareLanguages you speakYou can mention â€Å"soft† skills if they’re specific to the position; like if the job requires you to work from home, then you can write â€Å"Experience with virtual teams† or â€Å"Experience working independently† (if you had written â€Å"Focused and motivated†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦that’s vague and won’t help you)DO NOT include  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Microsoft Office† - everyone knows how to use those programs by now*(I actually disagree with this last one- there are plenty of people lost in GoogleDocs or Pages who still don’t kno w how to make the most out of Excel, but use your best judgment.)Remember to make your cover letter show what you can do, rather than just describing what you’ve done. Have compelling anecdotes and success stories ready to deploy in your letter or your interview, so they know you’re not just a list of skills, but a reservoir of professional experience they want on their side.Here’s What Your Resume â€Å"Skills† Section Should Tell an EmployerRead More at The Savvy Intern

First Meditation by Rene Descartes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

First Meditation by Rene Descartes - Essay Example Descartes begins ‘First Meditation’ or ‘On what can be called into Doubt’ by introducing his first proposition that everything he knows, i.e. everything that we know, must be put to the test as they may not exactly be what is real. This is suggesting that the very foundation on which he based everything that he knows must be shattered to truly come up with a conclusion on matters of self-assessment verifiable accuracy. Thus he begins, â€Å"Some years ago I was struck by how many false things I had believed, and by how doubtful was the structure of beliefs that I had based on them† (p. 1). From here he traversed a self-contemplation that was unforgiving in looking at the most minute details to see the logical sequencing on how his perceptions came to be. It suggests going back to the beginning and doing away with all of his opinions to look at the core of his philosophy. Descartes professed that everything is false with clear and ardent belief that th ey are so. He provides that some reason, not altogether significant reason but only an inkling, to tilt the scales over to doubt is an unmistakable occasion for doubt. The foundations are the key in being able to comprehend whether or not there is room for doubt as going at each opinion one by one to look for fallacy would be tedious and next to impossible. When this central aspect is magnified then its analysis becomes possible. The vital attribute of the ‘First Meditation’ is the conversation-like format that is meant to be an almost question and answer type of reading between ‘Hopeful’ and ‘Doubtful.’ The first proposition is a direct interpretation of Aristotelian philosophy on the importance of the senses in our accumulation of knowledge and beliefs. The ‘Hopeful’ dialogue supposes that facts that are perceived by the senses cannot be denied such as the simple position of sitting, the bedtime clothing, the warmth of a fireplac e and the act of gripping a paper. To sustain doubt over such factors such as being in one’s body would be analogous to being mad.  

America's Perception of American Italian Mafia Essay

America's Perception of American Italian Mafia - Essay Example These immigrants who come probably from different ethic backgrounds have been found to grow under strange circumstances that encouraged various schemes and scams. The sucker mentality is found in this people and that is why they engage in the organized crimes. A petty crime if it organized by a group of individuals can grow to become bigger if the individuals have continuity in forming a criminal organization. The chief goal of such criminal organizations is money. This criminal organization may come as a chain of many organizations. (Abadinsky, 2003) Consequently, such participants become mafia. These criminal organizations include burglary, car theft, street fangs, outflow motorcycle gangs, drug posses, and international drug cartels. It has been observed that less formal and simplex criminal networks aged by the Italian mafia do not necessarily end up in complex criminal organizations. In recent years some Italian-Americans have felt discriminated against in regard to their repres entation within the hierarchy of the American Catholic Church. They cite statistics to justify their contention that the Church has been biased in favor of Irish and Germans prelates to the exclusion of Italian-Americans. The basic perceptions of the Italian Americans who migrated to the US are perceived by the natives as gangsters who are basically associated with drug trafficking and prostitution among other crimes. The issue of illegal immigrants to the United States has been described as a major contribution to the high crime rate. This has elicited numerous reactions from various prominent people in the United State. There has been even a proposal for the deportation of the illegal immigrants back to their countries. (Rolle, 1968) There is a connection between the language and also the existence of the Italian Mafia. Since the official language used in America is English and as such they are not able to get office or formal jobs and as such they resolve in crime as a source of income. The Italian mafias are generally referred to as the thieves' in-law or professional thieves the code. This is a misconception that is associated with the Italians in the United States. However, there are other Italian Americans who are very instrumental in positive development by providing highly skilled labor in the various industries. A large number of Italians are perceived as criminals in the United States. For this reason the Italian American population was always on trial on the grounds of suspicion. (Iorizzio & Mondello, 1975) From a wider prospective the term Mafia can be understood to refer to organized criminal groups; clans that control politics and the economy in particular regions; corrupt government employees of recent years the term Mafia has been used to mean a person who controls particular goods and services. When the control is done to the detriment of the consumer to personal benefit then those controlling this are called Mafias. The Italian Americans have also been perceived as people who are driven by self interests so as to gain economic advantage. For this reason they have been know to use dubious means to gain this economic advantages. These thugs have international connections that enable then to achieve their objectives. These people have been known to pose a security risk to the

Karges Coffee Inc Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Karges Coffee Inc - Case Study Example Assuming no changes to the Home Brewer or Office Deluxe unit sales and unit selling prices, and variable costs will remain same for each model with total fixed costs remaining unchanged. The Office Basic sales units if doubled will result in increase in the overall sales volume, contribution margin and profit of the company. Here we see that by just doubling the sales volume units we see a jump in sales value and contribution margin by more than 150% and the profit has grown by more than 200%. These drastic changes in the sales figure and profit is just because of the extra volumes of the Office Basic model. This means that if we sell 60,000 units of Office Basic we are in a profitable position. The sales volume of Office Basic is the highest among the other models which indicates that increasing the production of Office Basic model will generate far more revenues than if we double the other two models. This analysis helps us in analyzing the revenues and profits on changing a single factor such as sales volume units. If an advertising campaign is implemented costing $150,000 to raise overall consumer awareness of the product offerings and to increase sales, the company will have to attain a profit level of $1,530,000 to maintain the same profit percentage. This means that minimum of $500,000 sales is required to compensate for the advertising cost at the same profit level. In the same year maybe we do not receive the benefits in terms of sales revenue and profits but in the long run it may generate benefits. The new advertising campaign instead of being designed to increase total sales volume will focus on getting customers who would purchase the Office Basic model to buy the Office Deluxe model instead with an assumption of no impact on the sales of Home Brewer model. As per the calculations 1,250 customers should purchase Office Deluxe model instead of Office Basic model to cover the advertising costs incurred. The last option for evaluation is if the compan y chooses to add a new product (Office Plus) to its line of brewers targeted at the office use market, it would have to sell a minimum of 3,933 units approximately to justify its addition to the product line next year. This level of sales stated above is just a break-even point for the product. This product will generate additional profits over and above the units mentioned above. I would like to recommend going with the new product Office Plus in an optimistic view that it would start generating sales revenue higher than the current levels and thereby increase the profitability of the company in the long run. This product would also add to the current varieties of product and is a mid-priced product between the Office Basic model and the Office Deluxe model. I would also recommend another alternative of implementing an advertising campaign for initiating the sales of Office Premium model which is comparatively lower than Office Basic model which can result in more profitability as because the Profit/Volume ratio is higher than the other two models. The Profit/Volume ratio of Office Premium model is 0.40. The contribution per unit is also highest among the three products that is $120 which signifies that the variable costs are comparatively low

Human Trafficking And Sexual Exploitation Criminology Essay

Human Trafficking And Sexual Exploitation Criminology Essay When I was in Holland in August 1999, I was curious to see Amsterdams Red Light District for myself. Then it was the only place I knew in the world where prostitution was legal and have heard that women pose in window inviting customers in. I was with a friend and she started taking pictures of the women in the windows. When my friend took another picture when we were in the middle of the walkway, a prostitute came from behind her window, descendent on us furiously, grabbed the camera and violently removed the film from the camera. We were stunned, apologised profusely and hurriedly tried to make our way. A man came from somewhere and explained that taking pictures were prohibited. At that time I, like most people, have not heard about human trafficking. The issue of human trafficking has received considerable attention in the last ten years from researchers, non-governmental organisations, governments and international bodies the world over. Like most countries, South Africa too is a signatory to the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons (generally referred to as the Palermo Protocol). We formally consented to the Palermo Protocol in December 2003. Thus, as a nation we are obligated to ensure that our internal laws address the issue of human trafficking. Human trafficking has been called a heinous, monstrous,  [1]  crime against humanity  [2]  . It has also been coined modern-day slavery. Human trafficking can take the form of sexual exploitation, labour exploitation, slavery, illegal adoptions, removal of organs and other body parts, for conveying drugs nationally and internationally. However, as much as the issue has been discussed and debated, it has contributed to the hype surrounding FIFA World Cup 2010 and how human trafficking for sexual exploitative purposes will increase [even though there is no research to draw from] during the soccer world cup. This led to discussions and public outcry on whether or not to legalise prostitution; and whether South Africa need a specific legislation dealing with human trafficking. When I wrote my proposal, I considered several key focus areas. It soon became apparent that due to limitations such as time and length of paper, that I needed to reduce the key focus areas. Consequently I have decided for this paper, to focus on definition of trafficking the causes of trafficking explore prostitution and whether or not it should be legalised explore legislative developments pertaining to trafficking protective measures available to victims of trafficking. Research Methodology The research methodology consisted majorly of in-depth desktop research on trafficking of adults, and not people under the age of 18 years, for purposes of sexual exploitation. Much has been written about human trafficking, but it is still difficult to find reliable studies thereof. Some of these factors include deficiencies in methodology; defining trafficking; high levels of mobility; and the underground nature of trafficking; links to organised crime; victims fears and unwillingness to participate in research; and potential dangers to researchers.  [3]   Gould and Fick wrote that they failed to find a single prostitute who said she was being forced by unscrupulous pimps to sell sex against her will.  [4]  This does not mean that there are no victims of sex trafficking in and around Cape Town. I thought I could draw on an article written by Immelback Interviewing a Victim of Human Trafficking.  [5]  Upon closer look I realised that she did not interview a victim of human trafficking, but interviewed the Victim Assistance team who works with victims of trafficking. As it is difficult  [6]  to set up interviews with victims of sex trafficking due to a host of reasons, including personal, I abandoned interviewing them for this paper due to my limitations. I decided to instead research movies and or documentaries that depict human trafficking for purposes of sexual exploitation. I will reflect on one of such movies, namely the movie Taken where Liam Neeson plays the role of a concerned and heroic father, whose daughter and friend have been trafficked for purposes of sexual exploitation, and he lengths he went to rescue them. Throughout the paper I will try to avoid preferring to victims in the feminine form, even if the majority of the persons who victims of sex trafficking are women. This is to prevent sexism in my writing.  [7]   A Review Of The Literature Defining Human Trafficking One of most debated issues of human trafficking is the definition of human trafficking. Article 3 of the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons (Palermo Procol) defines trafficking as: trafficking in persons shall mean the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of persons by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person for the purpose of exploitation. Exploitation shall include at a minimum the exploitation of the prostitution of others or other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labour of services, slavery or practices similar to slavery, servitude or the removal of organs; the consent of a victim of trafficking in persons to the intended exploitation set forth in subparagraph (a) of this Article shall be irrelevant where any of the means set out in paragraph (a) have been used; Most countries have taken the definition verbatim when they drafted their anti-trafficking laws. Kara  [8]  undertook several research trips to investigate human trafficking on four continents. He questions whether the definition is subparagraph 3(a) includes exploitation.  [9]  He opines that the wording only speaks to the movement portion of the chain, which explains why anti-trafficking law focus on movement more than exploitation  [10]  . He argues that trafficking is not about movement, it is about slavery.  [11]  He writes that current anti-trafficking efforts primary seek to crack down on modern-day slave traders, resulting in little more than adjustments in routes, larger bribes to border guards, and the procurement of false travel documents.  [12]  He suggests that a much clearer understanding of sex trafficking is required- wherein the movement and the purpose of the movement are disaggregated as criminal acts- to achieve greater abolitionist effectivene ss.  [13]  He suggests two definitions which could be used to eradicate sex trafficking, namely Slave trading- process of acquiring, recruiting, harbouring, receiving, or transporting an individual, through any means and for any distance, into a condition of slavery or slave-like exploitation.  [14]   Slavery- process of coercing labour or other services from a captive individual, through any means, including exploitation of bodies or body parts. He argues breaking the definition into different parts should be effective when formulating efforts to combat the crime of sex trafficking, and that confusion over what trafficking is results in blunted purpose, diffracted focus and exclusion of important components of trafficking-related crimes.  [15]   The Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC) Tsireledzani 2010 report dealt with the problems of trafficking. They have expanded the definition of trafficking to include trafficking within national borders; forced marriages; child labour; impregnation of a female against her will for the purposes of selling her child when born; and trafficking of body parts.  [16]   In South Africa Gould and Fick created a stir with their controversial research on sex trafficking in Cape Town. They argue that the definition is too broad  [17]  and that there seem to no agreement on what could be considered as exploitation  [18]  . Another criticism of the definition by Gould and Fick is the issue of consent of the victim being irrelevant.  [19]  They opine that by ignoring the fact that the victim consented to be trafficked, is to ignore the specific needs of the victim, especially the victim who do not wish to return home to the same circumstances that led the victim to be trafficked in the first place.  [20]  Gould and Fick conclude that critiques would suggest that the term trafficking may not be a useful lens through which to consider issues of exploitation and abuse in the sex work industry.  [21]   Sex trafficking and prostitution are often perceived as two sides of the same coin. However, it is not. It is important to differentiate between sex trafficking and prostitution. With sex trafficking the person is being exploited to perform sex work; the person is not directly paid, but money might be sent to the victims family; the person is compelled to do the sex work; the person is not in a position to stop working unless the person escape; the person does not have autonomy of movement- it is restricted; the person is not able to negotiate a rate, fee, hours; the person is not able to negotiate the sexual acts; the person is not able to negotiate safe sexual practices; With prostitution, however, the sex worker is paid directly (if the person is based at a brothel, money might be paid either to person self or the person managing the brothel); can decide to stop whenever; choose to do the sex work due personal circumstances; can negotiate sexual acts; can negotiate safe sexual practices; can negotiate the rate, fee and hours; is able to enjoy freedom of movement; can still enjoy life as a person (fall in love, have babies, etc) Why does sex trafficking occur? The root causes of trafficking are complex, the vulnerability resulting from poverty is a major contributor.  [22]  The HSRC list pull factors such as economic inequality, conflicts, adoption trade, the use of organs or body parts in rituals.  [23]  They list poverty and deprivation, persistent unemployment, gender discrimination, lack of information and education, harmful socio-cultural practices and lack of legislative and policy protection as push factors.  [24]  They also cite issues such as disempowerment, social exclusion, and economic vulnerability- the result of policies and practices- marginalise entire groups of people, rendering them vulnerable to being trafficked.  [25]   The general perception is that only men are traffickers. Women are also involved in human trafficking, not only as victims, but also as traffickers.  [26]  It has been found that traffickers are also women, as mainly Mozambican women in partnership with their compatriots and South African men who transport trafficked victims from Maputo to Johannesburg or Durban.  [27]  Victims trafficked to Europe are recruited by Malawian businesswomen.  [28]   Kara argues that sex trafficking occurs because it is a lucrative business.  [29]  He equates sex trafficking with drug trafficking.  [30]  He states that drug trafficking generate greater dollar revenues, but [sex] trafficking is more profitable.  [31]  Unlike a drug, a [human] does not have to be grown, cultivated, distilled, or packaged.  [32]  Unlike a drug, a [human] can be used by the customer again and again.  [33]  34It generates profits through the vulgar and wanton destruction of lives.  [35]   Kara describes several five ways how sex slaves are acquired, namely deceit, sale by family, abduction, seduction or romance, or recruitment by former sex slaves.  [36]  Each of these ways will be briefly illustrated below. Deceit Deceit involves false job offers, travel, or other income-generating opportunity, false marriage offers (mail order brides).  [37]  He opine that in countries where marriage is the only way for a female to secure social acceptance, basic rights, and avoid a lifetime of persecution, false marriage offers are effective ways to acquire sex slaves.  [38]  People living in refugee camps are very susceptible to sex trafficking as they are often not allowed to leave the camp to seek employment.  [39]  Traffickers visiting refugee camps with job offers are usually very successful in getting people.  [40]   Sale by or involvement of family members I first encountered family involvement when I read a news article.  [41]  The article said that police had rescued a seventeen year old teenage girl from Klerksdorp from a brothel in Table View.  [42]  It alleged that the mother of the teenager knew the brothel owner and have promised her daughter that she will be working as a child minder.  [43]  Did the mother knew that her daughter will be expected to do sex work? Poverty, desperation and displacement lead many families to sell a family member into slavery, and that they seldom are sold for greed.  [44]  Parents are often forced by poverty and ignorance to enlist their children, hoping to benefit from their wages and sustain the deteriorating family economic situation.  [45]   Abduction People are rarely abducted into sex trafficking, because it is difficult to transport person without drawing attention. People are also abducted in and from conflict zones and forced to serve as sex slaves to rebel commanders or are sold as slaves.  [46]   Kara says that not only is the abducted victim unwilling to travel, but also will to escape at any opportunity.  [47]  If a person is abducted into sex trafficking, the person is usually also drugged to facilitate easier movement. Seduction or Romance Victims are also lured into trafficking by promises of love and marriage. Traffickers would find attractive and vulnerable people (more often girls), offering them love and marriage, treating them to expensive gifts, seducing them to migrate to a rich country where they can build a life together.  [48]  Once the victim reaches the other country, they are forced into sexual slavery.  [49]   Recruitment by former slaves This too might be difficult to comprehend, but people are also recruited by other victims of trafficking.  [50]  Sex slaves employ adaptive mechanisms to survive their ordeals, including drug and alcohol abuse and the morose acceptance that their fate.  [51]  In East Africa, Ugandan women working as prostitutes in the Gulf States lure young girls from their country because they are usually preferred by male clients.  [52]   Lastly, Kara controversially opines that the United States is more responsible than any other nation for the inimical accretion in human exploitation, trafficking, slavery since the fall of the Berlin Wall. He notes that through the International Monetary Fund and other institutions, the US government rapidly imposed its particular brand of unfettered market economics upon the developing world, unleashing catastrophic increases in poverty, social upheaval, mass migration and lawlessness.  [53]   Should sex work be legalised? When dealing with the issue of sexual exploitation, the question is often raised whether or not to legalised or to decriminalise prostitution. Kara too addresses this in his research. He writes that the argument that prostitution be legalised rests on the premise that women have a right to control their bodies.  [54]  He indicates that legalisation would mean that prostitutes could enjoy the same benefits that other occupations do.  [55]  Legalisation would also allow for state monitoring to ensure that prostitutes were less subject to violence and exploitation and that it would make it more difficult to traffic people for sexual exploitation because victims would have rights under the law, and that criminalising prostitution leads to increased victimisation of trafficking victims.  [56]  Those who are against legalising prostitution argue that purchasing sex and operating sex establishments should be criminalised because prostitution can never be a choice and that the pr ofession is inherently based on a system of male sexual dominance, appropriating the female body for pleasure and reinforcing the subordination and sexual objectification of women.  [57]  He further writes that legalisation gives protection to brothel owners to purchase trafficking victims and inflict greater exploitation behind closed, but legal doors.  [58]  He writes that only governments, organized crime, and pimps benefit from legalisation and women and children suffer state-sanctioned rape and slavery.  [59]  He does not elaborate on how governments benefit from legalising prostitution. Kara investigated two countries, the Netherlands and Sweden legislation regarding prostitution. The Netherlands have legalised prostitution and Sweden has criminalised it. Even though prostitution was legal in Amsterdam, brothels were not until October 2000, when the ban was lifted to enable the Dutch government to exercise more control over the sex industry and counter abuses.  [60]  Brothel owners are issued licences if they are in compliance with certain standards, including panic buttons in work areas, hot and cold running water, and free condoms.  [61]   National Legislative framework Since South Africa signed and ratified the Palermo Protocol, we had to ensure that we enact legislation in accordance. The US Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons 2010 report ranked South Africa as Tier 2. This means that our government do not fully with the Trafficking Victims Protection Acts (TPVA) minimum standards, but are making significant efforts to bring us into compliance with those standards. Currently our anti-trafficking law is in draft stage, and it is not known if and when the bill will become law. It has been stated that we have several laws that deals with aspects of human trafficking, inter alia the Childrens Act 38 of 2005 (Chapter 18- sections 281 to 291); Films and Publications Board 65 of 1996; Human Tissues Act 65 of 1983; The Corruption Act 94 of 1992; Prevention of Organised Crime Act 121 of 1998; Infringement of Immigration Act 13 of 1996; Refugee Act 130 of 1998; and Extradition Act 67 of 1962. I will discuss these legislative provisions contained in the Criminal Law (Sexual Offences and Related Matters) Amendment Act  [62]  as well as the Prevention and Combating Trafficking in Persons bill (2009). The Criminal Law (Sexual Offences and Related Matters) Amendment Act The Sexual Offences Act (SOA) can be used in the interim to charge and prosecute traffickers and victims of trafficking. Section 70 and 71 of the SOA are transitional provisions relating to trafficking. Section 70 deals with application and interpretation and section 71 deals with trafficking in persons for sexual purposes. Section 70 states that 70(b) trafficking includes the supply, recruitment, procurement, capture, removal. Transportation, transfer, harbouring, sale, disposal, or receiving of a person, within or across the borders of the Republic, by means of a threat of harm; the threat or use of force, intimidation or other forms of coercion; abduction; fraud; deception or false pretences; the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability, to the extent that the complainant is inhibited from indicating his or her unwillingness or resistance to being trafficked, or unwillingness to participate in such an act; or the giving or receiving of payments, compensation, rewards, benefits or any other advantages for the purpose of any form or manner of exploitation, grooming or abuse of a sexual nature of such person, including the commission of any sexual offence or any offence of a sexual nature in any other law against such person, whether committed in or outside the borders of the Republic, and trafficks and trafficked have a corresponding meaning. Section 71 reads 71(1) Any person (A) who trafficks any person (B) without consent of B, is guilty of the offence of trafficking in persons for sexual purposes. 71(2) A person who- orders, commands, organises, supervises, controls or directs trafficking performs any act which is aimed at committing, causing, bringing about, encouraging, promoting, contributing towards or participating in trafficking or incites, instigates, commands, aids, advises, recruits, encourages or procures any other person to commit, cause, bring about, promote, perform, contribute towards or participates in trafficking, is guilty of an offence of involvement in trafficking in persons for sexual purposes. 71(3) For the purpose of subsection (1), consent means voluntary or uncoerced agreement. The SOA elaborates further on the circumstances. It states that 71(4) Circumstances in which B does not voluntarily or without coercion agree to being trafficked, as contemplated in subsection (3), include, but are not limited to, the following where B submits or is subjected to such an act as a result of any one or more of the means or circumstances contemplated in subparagraphs (i) to (vii) of the definition of trafficking having been used or being present; or where B is incapable in law of appreciating the nature of the act, including where B is, at the time of the commission of such act- asleep; unconscious; in an altered state of consciousness, including under the influence of any medicine, drug, alcohol or other substance, to the extent that Bs consciousness or judgement is adversely affected. 71(5) Any person who has been trafficked is not liable to stand trial for any criminal offence, including any migration-related offence, which was committed as a direct result of being trafficked. Any act of trafficking which is not included in sections 70 and 71 of the SOA, such as kidnapping, assault (common, and assault GBH), extortion, slavery, attempted murder, and murder have to be prosecuted under general statutory or common law offences.  [63]   Malachi v Cape Dance Academy International Pty Ltd Others In a recent reportable case of Tatiana Malachi v Cape Dance Academy Others  [64]  , even though the legal question did not deal with human trafficking, I think that it was a case of human trafficking. The facts are cited as follows. Applicant is a citizen of the Republic of Moldova. She was employed as an exotic dancer at a nightclub managed by the first respondent (Cape Dance Academy International PTY LTD) and second respondent (House of Rasputin Properties PTY LTD). On her arrival in South Africa during March 2009, applicant handed her passport to the owner of Rasputin. Applicant was initially informed that her passport would be kept for 30 days in order to have it registered at the Police station. Second respondent subsequently kept applicants passport during the entire period of her employment. The owner of second respondent informed applicant that he would not return her passport unless the applicant paid him $2000 for her air ticket and R20 000 as a levy. The applicant was unable to pay either of these amounts, as she was not earning sufficient income during her employment with second respondent. The applicant was to remain in custody pending the return date, which was to be 30 July 2009. If the applicant furnished adequate and satisfactory security for the total claim of R100 000 plus interest and costs, the applicant would be released from custody and the order for arrest discharged. The applicant had no assets of any tangible value in South Africa and therefore was unable to furnish adequate and satisfactory security. By agreement between the parties, the first and second respondents secured the discharge of the arrest warrant by the third respondent and the applicant was released from the custody on 24 July 2009. Applicant sought and received the assistance of the Consul General of Russia to facilitate her return to her home country Moldova. Prior to her departure from South Africa on 9 July 2009, applicant was arrested and taken into custody at Pollsmoor Prison. The arrest was made pursuant to a court order issued by the third respondent ex parte on 9 July 2009 and warrant of arrest tanquam suspectus de fuga. If we interpreted sections 70 and 71 as is, based on the facts of this case, Ms Malachi arrived in March 2009 and employed as an exotic dancer. It not evident from the facts how she got to be employed as an erotic dancer. Lets for